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Introduction to Animal Science > Sheep and Goats > Flashcards

Sheep and Goats Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a group of sheep called?

A

a flock

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2
Q

Why are sheep among the earliest domesticated animals?

A

products, small size, highly gregarious, ease of handling, adapted to a variety of climates

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3
Q

What products do sheep produce?

A

meat, milk, wool, leather, lanolin

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4
Q

What is lanolin?

A

oil that is extracted from the wool, but comes from the skin

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5
Q

What does highly gregarious mean?

A

like to be in groups, are sociable

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6
Q

How are sheep adapted to a variety of climates?

A

there are sheep that live in cold and warm climates, and in the mountains

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7
Q

How are sheep different than goats in terms of hair coat?

A

wool (some hair breeds) vs hair

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8
Q

How are sheep different than goats in terms of tails?

A

tail down (often docked) vs up

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9
Q

How are sheep different than goats in terms of horns?

A

broad curling horns vs narrow curving

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10
Q

How are sheep different than goats in terms of upper lip?

A

separate lobes vs continuous

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11
Q

How are sheep different than goats in terms of diet?

A

–grazing diet (more limited variety of forages) vs browsing diet (wide variety of forages)

-grasses, legumes, and weeds (close to the ground) vs leaves, twigs, vines, forbs, fruit, nuts, tender, shrubs, bark (ground or vertical)

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12
Q

How are sheep different than goats in terms of genetic?

A

54 vs 60 chromosomes

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of fine wool sheep?

A

thin diameter of wool fiber (17-20 microns), lower meat quality, medium size (150-300 lbs), 2-3 offspring, Western US

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14
Q

What are examples of fine wool sheep?

A

Rambouillet, Delaine Merino

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of meat breed sheep?

A

carcass and growth characteristics, medium wool (cheap), large size (250-400 lbs), 1-2 offspring (lambs finish at 5-7 months, 120+ lbs), farm flock (midwest and northeast)

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16
Q

What are examples of meat breed sheep?

A

Suffolk, Hampshire, Southdown

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17
Q

What are characteristics of dual purpose sheep?

A

moderate carcass quality, variable wool, medium to large size (200-300 lbs)

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18
Q

What are examples of dual purpose sheep breeds?

A

Columbia, Dorset, Polypay

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19
Q

What kind of breeders are Polypay sheep?

A

out of season breeders

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20
Q

What are characteristics of long wool sheep breeds?

A

coarse long wool, low carcass quality, small to medium size (175-300 lbs)

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21
Q

What are examples of long wool sheep breeds?

A

Lincoln, Romney, Scottish Blackface Highlander, Karakul, Icelandic

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22
Q

What are characteristics of hair sheep breeds?

A

produce meat and leather, can live in subtropical environment (better adapted to hot humid environment and better parasite, disease resistance)

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23
Q

What are examples of hair sheep breeds?

A

Barbados Blackbelly, Dorper, Katahdin

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24
Q

What are characteristics of color sheep breeds?

A

moderate to coarse wool, variety of colors, novelty

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25
Q

What are examples of color sheep breeds?

A

Jacob, Shetland, Navajo-Churro, Painted Desert Sheep

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26
Q

Why are meat breeds’ wool considered cheap?

A

moderate diameter and black (preferred wool is translucent or white)

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27
Q

Why is translucent wool preferred?

A

it dyes better

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28
Q

What is a characteristic of Katahdin sheep?

A

they are resistant to Haermonchus cortortus (a worm parasite)

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29
Q

What is an example of sheep breed diversity?

A

Small Tail and Large tail Han, Valais Blacknose, British Zwartbles, Blue Texel, Border Leicester

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30
Q

What are Large Tail Han’s tails used for?

A

tail contains oil and fat that is used for cooking

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31
Q

What are the 3 ways shearing is done?

A

by hand uses an electric razor, robotic sheering, and chemical sheering

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32
Q

When is robotic sheering used?

A

When you have a lot of sheep

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33
Q

What is chemical sheering?

A

BioClip; sheep are inserted with a Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF, a protein that breaks down wool), they then wear a tube and after 1 month the tube is removes and it makes it easier to remove the wool

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34
Q

What are the steps for woolen manufacturing?

A
  1. Raw Wool
  2. Scoured Wool
  3. Lanolin
  4. Dyed Wool
  5. Roving
  6. Spun Yarn
  7. Unfinished Fabric
  8. Finished Fabric
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35
Q

What are the parts of wool fiber?

A

Cortex and Cuticle

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36
Q

What are the characteristics of the cortex?

A

spongy, capable of absorbing dye

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37
Q

What are the characteristics of the cuticle?

A

translucent protein covering, barbs-felting

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38
Q

How is wool categorized?

A

types of wool, old blood grade, numerical count grade, limits for average fiber diameter, variability limit for standard deviation maximum

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39
Q

How is types of wool used as a category?

A

fine, medium, coarse, very coarse

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40
Q

How is old blood grade used as a category?

A

fine, 1/2 blood, 3/8 blood, 1/4 blood, low 1/4, common, braid

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41
Q

How is numerical count grade used as a category?

A

finer than 80’s…coarser than 36’s

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42
Q

How is limits for average fiber diameter used as a category?

A

<17.70…>40.20

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43
Q

How is variability limit for standard deviation maximum used as a category?

A

3.59…11.19

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44
Q

What is wool quality based on?

A

fiber diameter, staple length, color

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45
Q

How is fiber diameter important for wool quality?

A

smaller diameter, more crimps per inch (how wavy it is), more hanks, reduced prickle factor (not as many barbs, not itchy when worn)

46
Q

How is staple length important for wool quality?

A

the longer the wool the better, want minimum break points

47
Q

How is color important for wool quality?

A

translucent (or white) is preferred

48
Q

What type of seasonal breeders are sheep?

A

short day

49
Q

What is the estrous cycle for sheep?

A

17 days

50
Q

What is estrus for sheep?

A

30 hours

51
Q

What is gestation length for sheep?

A

147 days

52
Q

What is puberty for sheep?

A

6-8 months

53
Q

___ ram per _____ for young rams? (less than 2 years old)

A

1; 15-35

54
Q

How many ewes can an older ram breed?

A

up to 50 or more

55
Q

What is parturition called for sheep?

A

lambing

56
Q

What is an intact male sheep called?

A

ram

57
Q

What is a castrated male sheep called?

A

wether

58
Q

What is a female sheep called?

A

ewe

59
Q

What is a young male sheep called?

A

ram lamb

60
Q

What is a young female sheep called?

A

ewe lamb

61
Q

What is a newborn sheep called?

A

lamb

62
Q

How are sheep cured of things?

A

very few vaccines and drugs are available in the US; instead farmers focus on preventative measures instead of cures

63
Q

What is a big problem for sheep in the south?

A

internal parasites

64
Q

Why are sheep tailed docked?

A

to avoid manure build up and maggot growth and fly strike

65
Q

What is important for sheep health?

A

a clean environment and providing adequate nutrition

66
Q

What are predators of sheep?

A

coyotes, dogs, wolves, mountain lions, bears, foxes, eagles, bobcats

67
Q

How are predators prevented from attacking sheep?

A

fencing, guard animals, trapping, hunting

68
Q

What animals are used as guard animals?

A

dogs, llamas, donkeys

69
Q

Why are llamas good guard animals?

A

they form a special bond with sheep and will stand between sheep and a predator

70
Q

What kind of fencing is used to protect against predators?

A

hot fencing (electric)

71
Q

What kind of housing and equipment is provided for sheep?

A

shelter from severe winter weather, small pen to crowd and catch sheep

72
Q

How are ewes fed?

A

pasture or roughage is basic feed, supplemented with grains during periods of increased nutrient needs

73
Q

When would ewes need grains?

A

late gestation and/or lactation

74
Q

How are rams fed?

A

pasture is usually sufficient, supplement with grain during breeding, avoid getting overly fat or thin

75
Q

What is flushing?

A

increased feed during breeding increases the number of lambs born per ewe

76
Q

Why do you want rams to avoid getting thin?

A

when thin, all energy goes towards maintaining the body instead of production

77
Q

Why do you want rams to avoid getting fat?

A

they can’t breed as much, being overweight negatively affects their libido

78
Q

How are lambs fed?

A

milk until weaning, commonly creep feed, feed high amounts of grain from weaning to market

79
Q

What are sheep sensitive to?

A

copper toxicity

80
Q

What is creep feeding?

A

a way for lambs to get additional nutrients, it prevents older sheep from entering

81
Q

Can a sheep have two lambings a year?

A

they technically can , but seasonal and lactation inhibition of estrus prevent it from occuring

82
Q

What is the order of the sheep life/production cycle?

A

breeding season (day 0), lambing (day 147), weaning (day 200), market (day 260), breeding season (day 365)

83
Q

Why is there a decline in the sheep industry?

A

higher feed and energy cost, continuous loss to predation, low consumption rate means no demand, competition from import

84
Q

What are the opportunities for the sheep industry?

A

wool production (produce 2% of wool consumed), meat production (more imported than produced), contract grazing

85
Q

What is contract grazing?

A

rent sheep to graze a certain plot of land

86
Q

What is special about the Finn breed of sheep?

A

they have superior fertility, they can have multiple offspring (2-9)

87
Q

What is special about the Booroola Merino breed of sheep?

A

they have the “F” gene (fertility), the Booroola gene leads to increased levels of ovulation in fertility

88
Q

What is parturition called for goats?

A

kidding

89
Q

What is an intact male goat called?

A

billy/buck

90
Q

What is a castrated male goat called?

A

wether

91
Q

What is a female goat called?

A

nanny/doe

92
Q

What is a young male goat called?

A

buckling

93
Q

What is a young female goat called?

A

doeling

94
Q

What are newborn goats called?

A

kids

95
Q

What is goat meat called?

A

chevon or cabrito

96
Q

Is goat meat a growing or declining industry in the US?

A

growing

97
Q

What is goat milk used for primarily?

A

cheese and people who have difficulty digesting cow’s milk

98
Q

What type of fiber do goats produce?

A

cashmere and mohair

99
Q

What products do goats provide?

A

milk, meat, fiber

100
Q

Where does mohair come from?

A

Angora goats

101
Q

What is cashmere?

A

the “down” hair of a goat (undercoat

102
Q

What is cashmere used for?

A

angora wool comes from angora rabbits, but it cannot be spun to yarn unless mixed with another fiber so cashmere is commonly used to mix

103
Q

What are examples of fiber goat breeds?

A

Angora Goat, Bezoar Goat (?)

104
Q

What are examples of dairy goats?

A

Nubian, Alpine, Saanen, La Mancha

105
Q

What is special about Alpine (might not be just alpine and instead all dairy goats) Goats?

A

their teets and udder are more developed and bigger than non-dairy goats

106
Q

What are examples of meat goats?

A

Boer, Kiko

107
Q

Do all goat breeds produce the same amount of milk?

A

no, some produce more than other breeds

108
Q

Milk production _____ as lactating goes on

A

declines

109
Q

What are Myotonic goats?

A

fainting goat

110
Q

Why do Myotonic goats faint?

A

they have a genetic condition that is autosomal dominant and is also an incomplete penetrance

111
Q

What does autosomal dominant mean?

A

only need 1 allele for mutation to be present, so only one parent needs to have it

112
Q

What is incomplete penetrance?

A

not every individual that carries the allele expresses it

Introduction to Animal Science (21 decks)

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