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Introduction to Animal Science > Pets > Flashcards

Pets Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the first animal domesticated? What animal followed closely years later?

A

dogs; cats

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2
Q

What animal is considered the most loyal to humans? Where?

A

dogs; around the world

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3
Q

What countries lead in dog populations?

A

US, Brazil, China, Japan, and Russia

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4
Q

What nations tend to have higher dog populations?

A

more affluent nations compared to more poor nations

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5
Q

What countries lead in cat populations?

A

US, China, Russia, Brazil, and France

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6
Q

What does OTC stand for?

A

Over the counter

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7
Q

What things are money spent on in relation to pets?

A

food, supplies and OTC medications, veterinarian care,, live animal purchases, other services such as grooming and boarding

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8
Q

Are there more Cats or Dogs in the US?

A

cats

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9
Q

When were dogs domesticated?

A

10,000-12,000 years ago

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10
Q

What animal were dogs domesticated from?

A

Wolves

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11
Q

Where did domestication happen? Examples?

A

all over the world over a long period of time; Arabian, Chinese, Indian, European

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12
Q

What are the two theories of dog domestication?

A

Human domestication of the wolf and self-domestication

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13
Q

Explain the theory of human domestication?

A

Humans took wolf pups and brought them home and raised them, becoming close to humans and eventually changed overtime as humans began to select parents of next generation. This selection changed the genome of the dog. They kept selecting for docility.

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14
Q

Explain the theory of self-domestication?

A

Wolves saw they could benefit from humans and obtain food, and over time became closer to humans and yielded to human leadership. This theory is correct.

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15
Q

How do dogs express emotion?

A

changes in body posture and facial expressions

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16
Q

How do dogs express play?

A

bow

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17
Q

How do dogs express active and passive submissive greeting?

A

tail wags, ears fold back, weight transferred to hind legs

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18
Q

How do dogs express submission?

A

roll over and show belly and genitals

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19
Q

What is a female dog called?

A

Bitch

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20
Q

What is a male dog called?

A

Dog

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21
Q

What is the mother of a litter called?

A

Dam

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22
Q

What is the father of a litter called?

A

Sire

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23
Q

What are young dogs called?

A

Pups

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24
Q

What is the process of giving birth?

A

Whelping

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25
Q

How many dog breeds are there?

A

350-400

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26
Q

How many dog breeds are recognized by AKC?

A

150

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27
Q

What is the AKC?

A

American Kennel Club

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28
Q

What are some dog breeds?

A

Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd, Golden Retriever, French Bulldog, Bulldog, Beagles, Poodle, Rottweiler, Yorkshire Terrier, German Shorthaired Pointer

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29
Q

Is there a difference in the amount of male and female dogs owned in the US?

A

no, it’s about the same

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30
Q

What percent of owned dogs are spayed or neutered?

A

85%

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31
Q

What percent of US households own 1 dog at least?

A

48%

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32
Q

What percent of owned dogs were adopted from shelters?

A

22%

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33
Q

Where have a lot of dogs been imported from for adoption? Where else?

A

Puerto Rico; Mexico, Taiwan, and other Asian countries.

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34
Q

What senses do dogs have?

A

sight, taste, hearing, touch, smell

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35
Q

What do cones do?

A

allow you to see color

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36
Q

How many cones do dogs have compared to humans?

A

spread out more and less

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37
Q

How many types of cones do humans have? What kind?

A

3; red, blue, green

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38
Q

How many types of cones do dogs have?

A

2; blue and yellow

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39
Q

What do rods do?

A

allow you to see at night

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40
Q

How many rods do dogs have compared to humans?

A

more

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41
Q

What type of cone do dogs have?

A

horizontal slit

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42
Q

What type of cone do humans have?

A

optic fovia

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43
Q

What is tapetum?

A

a reflective surface that allows for seeing at night

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44
Q

Do dogs or cats have a larger tapetum?

A

cats

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45
Q

How does tapetum in dogs in cold environments compare to dogs in warmer?

A

have less tapetum

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46
Q

What diopter do dogs have?

A

1-2

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47
Q

What hz do dogs have?

A

75 Hz

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48
Q

How does dog visual acuity compare to humans? What does this mean?

A

less; they cannot see as far

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49
Q

What is frequency?

A

pitch

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50
Q

What is frequency measured in?

A

hertz (hz)

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51
Q

What is amplitude?

A

volume

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52
Q

What is amplitude measured in?

A

decibel (dB)

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53
Q

What are the auditory ossicles?

A

3 tiny bones in the ear

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54
Q

What bones make up the auditory ossicles?

A

malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)

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55
Q

What is another name for the ear drum?

A

tympanic membrane

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56
Q

What order does sound pass through the ear?

A

auricular cartilage, vertical canal, horizontal canal, tympanic membrane, middle ear cavity containing auditory ossicles and cochlea,

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57
Q

How many times further do dogs hear compared to humans?

A

4x

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58
Q

What frequency range can humans hear?

A

65-12,000 hz

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59
Q

What frequency range can dogs hear?

A

65-(47,000-65,000 hz)

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60
Q

What frequency range is a dog whistle?

A

20,000-25,000 hz

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61
Q

What is another name for sense of smell?

A

olfactory

62
Q

What is neophilia?

A

attraction to new and interesting odors

63
Q

What is the name of the section of the brain dedicated to smell?

A

olfactory bulb

64
Q

How much bigger is the olfactory bulb in dogs compared to humans?

A

40x larger

65
Q

How much does the olfactory bulb weigh in dogs?

A

6g

66
Q

What is are turbinates?

A

bony structures in the nose that regulate airflow, and warm and humidify the air you inhale

67
Q

What happens when dry air enters a dog’s nose?

A

the dry air picks up water on the surface of the turbinates

68
Q

What happens to air when a dog exhales?

A

the water is deposited back into the nasal cavity

69
Q

Why are dog’s nasal region anatomically endowed?

A

to be able to supply oxygen to the lungs and be able to detect different types of scents

70
Q

What scents can dogs detect well?

A

apocrine glands, urine, and feces

71
Q

How can dogs differentiate people based on apocrine glands?

A

also known as sweat glands, are surrounded by sebaceous gland which makes it unique

72
Q

What uses do dogs have for their Olfactory?

A

favorable, unfavorable, identification, taste, age, sex, health, reproductive status

73
Q

What uses of olfactory advantages do dogs have? (how can they apply it)

A

tracking and trailing and detection

74
Q

What is another name for taste?

A

gustatory appeal

75
Q

How many taste buds do dogs have?

A

1,700

76
Q

How many taste buds do cats have?

A

475

77
Q

What can taste buds taste?

A

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami, fat

78
Q

What is a difference in human and dog taste buds?

A

Dogs have a taste bud for water

79
Q

Where is the sweet taste bud in dogs?

A

more on the side

80
Q

Where is the sour/salty taste bud in dogs?

A

father back on sides and less

81
Q

Where is the bitter taste bud in dogs?

A

back

82
Q

Where is the umami taste bud in dogs?

A

front 2/3

83
Q

Where is the water taste bud in dogs?

A

tip

84
Q

What does the sweet taste bud detect?

A

furaneol

85
Q

Where is furaneol located?

A

fruits and tomatoes

86
Q

Can cats detect sweetness?

A

no

87
Q

Why is antifreeze a problem?

A

it contains ethylene glycol which has a sweet taste so dogs keep eating it and cats cant taste it

88
Q

What food is salt high in?

A

meat

89
Q

Can cats detect salty?

A

it is virtually absent

90
Q

Where do dogs get vitamin C?

A

they can produce it in their liver

91
Q

What is the purpose of the bitter taste bud?

A

danger detection

92
Q

Do dogs/cats or humans have a higher sensitivity?

A

dogs/cats

93
Q

What is umami in?

A

animal proteins and fats

94
Q

What is MSG?

A

Monosodium glutamate (umami??)

95
Q

What is the fat taste called?

A

osteogustus

96
Q

What can osteogustus taste?

A

unpalatable, rancid, or iterating

97
Q

Is fat good or bad?

A

some is good, but too much is bad

98
Q

What is a fatty acid?

A

individual fatty acid

99
Q

What is triglyceride?

A

has glycerol and 3 fatty acids

100
Q

Which is worse, fatty acid or triglyceride?

A

triglyceride

101
Q

What leads to differences in how fat is tasted?

A

variation in CD36

102
Q

Can you separate olfactory and taste?

A

no

103
Q

What is the touch sense called?

A

tactile

104
Q

What are the 5 touch receptors?

A
  • Tactile (Meisner’s) Corpuscle
  • Tactile (Merkle’s) Corpuscles
  • Free Terminal
  • Lamellated (Pacinian) Corpuscle
  • Ruffini Corpuscle
105
Q

What does the Tactile (Meisner’s) Corpuscle do?

A

light touch

106
Q

What does the Tactile (Merkle’s) Corpuscles do?

A

touch/low frequency vibration

107
Q

What does the Free Terminal do?

A

pain

108
Q

What does the Lamellated (Pacinian) Corpuscle do?

A

deep pressure

109
Q

What does the Ruffini Corpuscle do?

A

warmth

110
Q

What are the 3 types of sensory receptors?

A

Pressure, Temperature, Pain

111
Q

What are the pressure receptors on dogs/cats on the face?

A

Vibrissae

112
Q

What are vibrissae?

A

whiskers

113
Q

What kind of response is pressure?

A

neuro-reflex

114
Q

What kind of receptors are pain?

A

Nocci

115
Q

What are pain receptors like?

A

neurologically similar, free-ending nerves in the skin surface

116
Q

How are pain response different in dogs than humans?

A

Wolves and dogs are tough and feel pain but are known to hide it

117
Q

What kind of estrous cycle do dogs have?

A

diestrous (4-8 month intervals)

118
Q

What kind of estrous cycle do wolves have?

A

monoestrous

119
Q

How causes obesity in dogs/cats?

A

overfeeding, fed wrong foods, no exercise, spaying and neutering changes the hormones and makes them less active, age, health condition, genetics

120
Q

What is a problem with insurance?

A

Some insurance won’t cover for certain “more vicious” dog breeds”

121
Q

What breeds will some insurance not cover for?

A

Pitbull, Doberman Pincher, Rottweiler, Chow Chows, Great Danes

122
Q

Where were cats domesticated?

A

Europe and Asia

123
Q

What were cats domesticated from in Europe?

A

European wild cat

124
Q

What were cats domesticated from in Asia?

A

African/Asian wild cat (fertile crescent)

125
Q

What was the self domestication process of cats?

A

enhanced agricultural output led to grain storage. This attracted rodents which attracted predators, decreasing their flight zone. The predator population increases which led to taming and then domestication.

126
Q

What role did cats have in the Black Plague?

A

Plague was carried by fleas on rats. When the cats would attack rats, they’d catch the fleas and spread the disease. On the other hand, they also decreased rat populations through hunting. Cats were blamed and killed for allegedly spreading the plague, even though humans could pass it between each other.

127
Q

What types of relationships do cats have with humans?

A

symbiotic, commensal, exploitative captive, and pet concept

128
Q

What is a symbiotic relationship?

A

both benefit (humans get pests eliminated and cats get food and shelter)

129
Q

What is a commensal relationship?

A

one party benefits and other is not harmed (present in same location as man, consume leftovers and eliminate pests)

130
Q

What is an exploitative captive?

A

captive of humans but exploit their relationship to their benefit

131
Q

What is an adult female cat called?

A

Queen

132
Q

What is an adult male cat called?

A

Tom

133
Q

What is a castrated male cat called?

A

Gib

134
Q

What are young cats called?

A

Kittens

135
Q

What is the cat parturition process called?

A

Kittening/Queening

136
Q

How many cat breeds are there?

A

41

137
Q

What are 5 cat breeds?

A

Siamese, Russian Blue, Scottish Fold, Ragdoll, Persian

138
Q

Why are cats the least domesticated domesticated animal?

A

readily revert to feral state

139
Q

Can feral cats be rehabilitated?

A

it is almost impossible

140
Q

How do feral cats live?

A

solitary or commensal colonies

141
Q

What is a key component to diminish feral activity?

A

kitten socialization

142
Q

How does breed type limit some breeds?

A
  • Persian cats have Brachycephalic (smushed nosed)
  • Siamese cats have albinism gene and progressive retinal atrophy
  • extreme long hair to short hair (no hair)
143
Q

How are feral cats dealt with?

A

trap, spay, and rehab

144
Q

What kind of estrous do cats have?

A

polyestrous (multiple a year)

145
Q

Describe cat estrous cycle?

A

average 14-21 days, ranges 4-30 days

146
Q

How do cats have seasonal estrous?

A

respond more to daylight, show more estrous when days are longer (long day)

147
Q

What do queens housed together do?

A

synchronize estrous cycle

148
Q

How do long haired and short haired cats differ in estrous?

A

long hair- 10% regular cycles year round

short hair- 60% regular cycles year round

149
Q

What diseases can cats spread to people?

A

Cat scratch disease, salmonellosis, ringworm, rabies, roundworms and hookworms, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, toxoplasmosis

150
Q

How are cats induced ovulators?

A

when mating does not occur, ovulation doesn’t occur and CL isn’t formed

151
Q

What are bitches that don’t become pregnant considered?

A

pseudopregnant

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