Susie Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

three main part of a neuron

A

dendrites, cell body, and axon

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2
Q

this helps maintain cell’s shape

A

cytoskeleton

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3
Q

this makes connection with incoming axons

A

dendritic spines

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4
Q

postsynaptic neurons secrete a group of protein that influences the expression of neuronal genes and hence the manufacture of new proteins (longer dendrites, or other dynamic changes to its shape of function).

A

growth factors

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5
Q

this part of the cell decides whether to fire or not

A

soma

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6
Q

the two ions are…

A

sodium and potassium

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7
Q

when action potential starts, the first channels to open is…

A

sodium channel

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8
Q

the voltage of resting period is…

A

-70mV

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9
Q

this keeps the ions in balance

A

ATP or ion pump

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10
Q

during this period, the membrane recovers its explosive capability, readying the axon membrane for the next action potential

A

the refractory period

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11
Q

this act as amplifiers that boost and maintain the action potential

A

myelin sheath

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12
Q

the functional cells in the nervous system

A

neurons

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13
Q

during the resting period how many sodiums are out and how many potassiums are in?

A

3, 2

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14
Q

during this period, the neuron is in excitation stage because sodium ions move into the cell, the membrane becomes more positive

A

deplorization

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15
Q

the voltage of the threshold is usually…

A

-55mV

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16
Q

during this period, potassium channel is open, so potassium ions move out of the cell, the voltage is being balanced

A

repolarization

17
Q

hyperpolarization makes voltage become more…

A

negative

18
Q

what type of glial cells wrap around the axon in the PNS to increase the speed of action potential?

A

schwann cell

19
Q

these two people won the Nobel Prize for discovering the mechanism of transmission of the nerve impulse. they used the giant axon of the squid in the studies.

A

Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley