Susie Chapter 2 Flashcards
three main part of a neuron
dendrites, cell body, and axon
this helps maintain cell’s shape
cytoskeleton
this makes connection with incoming axons
dendritic spines
postsynaptic neurons secrete a group of protein that influences the expression of neuronal genes and hence the manufacture of new proteins (longer dendrites, or other dynamic changes to its shape of function).
growth factors
this part of the cell decides whether to fire or not
soma
the two ions are…
sodium and potassium
when action potential starts, the first channels to open is…
sodium channel
the voltage of resting period is…
-70mV
this keeps the ions in balance
ATP or ion pump
during this period, the membrane recovers its explosive capability, readying the axon membrane for the next action potential
the refractory period
this act as amplifiers that boost and maintain the action potential
myelin sheath
the functional cells in the nervous system
neurons
during the resting period how many sodiums are out and how many potassiums are in?
3, 2
during this period, the neuron is in excitation stage because sodium ions move into the cell, the membrane becomes more positive
deplorization
the voltage of the threshold is usually…
-55mV
during this period, potassium channel is open, so potassium ions move out of the cell, the voltage is being balanced
repolarization
hyperpolarization makes voltage become more…
negative
what type of glial cells wrap around the axon in the PNS to increase the speed of action potential?
schwann cell
these two people won the Nobel Prize for discovering the mechanism of transmission of the nerve impulse. they used the giant axon of the squid in the studies.
Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley
