Brain Bee Chapter 12 - Jacey

Question 1

stress affects even the most seemingly ________ lives,, and we all experience it.

Answer 1

tranquil

Question 2

when could we experince stress? name some times/occasions we could run into stress.

Answer 2

exams/tests, sports, talking with friends and/or enemies.

Question 3

what kind of process is stress?

Answer 3

stress is a fundamental process

Question 4

true or false: stress does not affect all organisms.

Answer 4

false, stress affects ALL organisms

Question 5

name the two types of stress:

Answer 5

psychological and physical

Question 6

true or false: In single-celled organisms and in the individual cells of our bodies, molecules have evolved which provide a series of emergency systems that protect key cellular functions from unexpected external challenges and their internal consequences.

Answer 6

true

Question 7

what do heat-shock proteins do?

Answer 7

guiding damaged proteins to where they can repaired or harmlessly degraded, thus protecting cells from toxicity or dysfunction.

Question 8

which organ is stress perceived and makes a coordinated response?

Answer 8

the brain

Question 9

true or false: Our cognitive appraisal of a situation in the brain interacts with bodily signals in the blood stream such as hormones, nutrients, and inflammatory molecules, and with information from peripheral nerves monitoring vital organs and sensations.

Answer 9

true

Question 10

what study does our understanding of this come from?

Answer 10

neuroendocrinology

Question 11

what does the brain integrate to produce a series of specific and graded responses?

Answer 11

information from peripheral nerves monitoring vital organs and sensations
(i think)

Question 12

what does the HPA in HPA axis stand for?

Answer 12

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal

Question 13

give some examples of fight or flight response

Answer 13

tingling sensation, sweating, heightened
awareness, rapid pulse rate, higher blood pressure and
general feelings of fear

Question 14

The second major neuroendocrine response to stress is activation of a circuit linking the body and brain called the…

Answer 14

HPA axis

Question 15

name the key brain area of many hormones

Answer 15

hypothalamus

Question 16

the hypothalamus gets strong inputs from areas of the brain processing emotional information, such as the ______.

Answer 16

amygdala

Question 17

what does ACTH mean?

Answer 17

adrenocorticotrophin

Question 18

what kind of hormone is cortisol?

Answer 18

steroid

Question 19

what does cortisol do?

Answer 19

raises blood sugar and other metabolic fuels such as fatty acids.

Question 20

the hippocampus has high levels of the two receptors for cortisol, name them.

Answer 20

Low MR, High GR

Question 21

what is the low MR receptor activated by?

Answer 21

normally circulating levels of cortisol

Question 22

when does the high GR receptor become progressively more occupied?

Answer 22

morning

Question 23

An _____ of cortisol in the blood is seen in some chronic brain diseases.

Answer 23

excess

Question 24

true or false: particular, in severe depression cortisol is
over-produced and recent work suggests that the
hippocampus also shrinks in this condition.

Answer 24

true

Question 25

Ageing of the brain is accompanied by a general decline ________

Answer 25

function