Brain Bee Chapter 12 - Jacey Flashcards

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1
Q

stress affects even the most seemingly ________ lives,, and we all experience it.

A

tranquil

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2
Q

when could we experince stress? name some times/occasions we could run into stress.

A

exams/tests, sports, talking with friends and/or enemies.

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3
Q

what kind of process is stress?

A

stress is a fundamental process

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4
Q

true or false: stress does not affect all organisms.

A

false, stress affects ALL organisms

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5
Q

name the two types of stress:

A

psychological and physical

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6
Q

true or false: In single-celled organisms and in the individual cells of our bodies, molecules have evolved which provide a series of emergency systems that protect key cellular functions from unexpected external challenges and their internal consequences.

A

true

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7
Q

what do heat-shock proteins do?

A

guiding damaged proteins to where they can repaired or harmlessly degraded, thus protecting cells from toxicity or dysfunction.

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8
Q

which organ is stress perceived and makes a coordinated response?

A

the brain

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9
Q

true or false: Our cognitive appraisal of a situation in the brain interacts with bodily signals in the blood stream such as hormones, nutrients, and inflammatory molecules, and with information from peripheral nerves monitoring vital organs and sensations.

A

true

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10
Q

what study does our understanding of this come from?

A

neuroendocrinology

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11
Q

what does the brain integrate to produce a series of specific and graded responses?

A

information from peripheral nerves monitoring vital organs and sensations
(i think)

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12
Q

what does the HPA in HPA axis stand for?

A

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal

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13
Q

give some examples of fight or flight response

A

tingling sensation, sweating, heightened
awareness, rapid pulse rate, higher blood pressure and
general feelings of fear

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14
Q

The second major neuroendocrine response to stress is activation of a circuit linking the body and brain called the…

A

HPA axis

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15
Q

name the key brain area of many hormones

A

hypothalamus

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16
Q

the hypothalamus gets strong inputs from areas of the brain processing emotional information, such as the ______.

A

amygdala

17
Q

what does ACTH mean?

A

adrenocorticotrophin

18
Q

what kind of hormone is cortisol?

A

steroid

19
Q

what does cortisol do?

A

raises blood sugar and other metabolic fuels such as fatty acids.

20
Q

the hippocampus has high levels of the two receptors for cortisol, name them.

A

Low MR, High GR

21
Q

what is the low MR receptor activated by?

A

normally circulating levels of cortisol

22
Q

when does the high GR receptor become progressively more occupied?

A

morning

23
Q

An _____ of cortisol in the blood is seen in some chronic brain diseases.

A

excess

24
Q

true or false: particular, in severe depression cortisol is
over-produced and recent work suggests that the
hippocampus also shrinks in this condition.

A

true

25
Q

Ageing of the brain is accompanied by a general decline ________

A

function