Brain Bee Chapter 2 - Jacey Flashcards
What is something all neurons have in common?
their activity is electrical and chemical.
true or false? neurons cooperate and compete with each other in regulating the overall state of the nervous system
true
neurons consist of which four things?
dendrites, cell body, axon and synaptic terminals.
what is a neuron’s outer membrane made out of?
fatty substances
inside neurons are many different layers of _______, and they consist of ______.
compartments, proteins
true or false? Tiny
protuberances that stick out from the dendrites called
dendritic spines. These are where incoming calls make
most of their connections.
false
true or false? Proteins transported to the
spines are important for creating and maintaining neuronal
connectivity.
true
The end-points of the ____ also respond to molecules called growth factors.
axons
true or false? These factors are taken up inside and then
transported to the cell body where they influence the
expression of neuronal genes and hence the manufacture of new proteins
true
On the receiving side of the cell, the dendrites have __________ with incoming axons of other cells
close contacts
These junction spots are
named ____, from classical Greek words that mean “to
clasp together”
synapses
What are communication between nerve cells at these contact points is referred to as?
synaptic transmission
When the dendrite receives one of the chemical messengers
that has been fired across the gap separating it from the
sending axon, miniature _____ are set up inside the receiving dendritic spine
electrical currents
define ‘excitation’
miniature electrical currents that come into the cell
define ‘inhibition’
currents that move out of the cell