Brain Bee Chapter 8 - Jacey Flashcards
The basic plan of the brain is virtually _________ from person to person and recognizably similar across all mammals.
identical
every step begins in the…
early life
oocyte combined with sperm cell equals ______
zygote
Zygotes divide through the process of ________, forming a ________.
cleavage, blastula
the blastocyte then plants itself into the:
uterine wall
A blastocyte is a _________ blastula.
mammalian
define gastrulation:
the process of a gastrula turning from a blastula.
Starting at day 7, blastula cells rearrange themselves in a process called ____________ into ______ layers.
gastrulation, three
three layers of cells will develop divergently through…
differentiation
differentiation gives rise to:
the all the body tissues
define neurolation:
the folding process in vertebrate embryos - the transformation of the neural plate into the neural tube
name the two conditions if the neural tube does not close
spina bifida and anencephaly
name the two types of spina bifida:
open spina bifida, closed spina bifida
name the process of oocyte + sperm cell → zygote:
fertilization
name the process of zygote → blastula:
cleavage
name the process of blastula → three layered embryo:
gastrulation
name the process of three-layered embryo → three-layered embryo with neural tube
neurolation
true or false: Neurons differentiate as signals secreted from different areas of the neural tube turn on/off genes in different cells.
true
N_______ d__________ as signals secreted from different areas of the neural tube turn on/off genes in different cells.
neurons differenciate
true or false: Neurons are wired together as chemical cues guide axonal growth cones to their targets, where they form synapses.
true
the brain changes as certain connections are strengthened or reduced by u__ i_ o_ l___ i_
use it or lose it
true or false: The governing principle of developmental biology is that the genome is a set of instructions for making an organ of the body, not a blueprint.
true :>
The first step in brain development is…
cell division
what is a key step in brain development?
differentiation
Different kinds of neurons migrate to various locations in a process called:
pattern formation
The first major event of pattern formation takes place in the _____ week when the embryo is just two connected sheets of ________ cells.
third, dividing
when does the neural plate rolls up, closes into a tube and sinks into the embryo?
a week later
what happens in the next few weeks after the neural plate closes?
cell shape, migration, cell-cell adhesion
is spina bifida life-threatening?
no
Once a neuron has its individual identity and stops dividing, it extends its axon with an enlarged tip known as a ______ ____.
growth cone
what is the growth cone used for?
specialized for moving through tissue
once the growth cone reaches its target it turns into a…
synapse
what is axonal guidance?
supreme navigational feat.
point to point mapping in the eye and the brain is required for _____ vision
sharp
