Brain Bee Chapter 8 - Jacey

Question 1

The basic plan of the brain is virtually _________ from person to person and recognizably similar across all mammals.

Answer 1

identical

Question 2

every step begins in the…

Answer 2

early life

Question 3

oocyte combined with sperm cell equals ______

Answer 3

zygote

Question 4

Zygotes divide through the process of ________, forming a ________.

Answer 4

cleavage, blastula

Question 5

the blastocyte then plants itself into the:

Answer 5

uterine wall

Question 6

A blastocyte is a _________ blastula.

Answer 6

mammalian

Question 7

define gastrulation:

Answer 7

the process of a gastrula turning from a blastula.

Question 8

Starting at day 7, blastula cells rearrange themselves in a process called ____________ into ______ layers.

Answer 8

gastrulation, three

Question 9

three layers of cells will develop divergently through…

Answer 9

differentiation

Question 10

differentiation gives rise to:

Answer 10

the all the body tissues

Question 11

define neurolation:

Answer 11

the folding process in vertebrate embryos - the transformation of the neural plate into the neural tube

Question 12

name the two conditions if the neural tube does not close

Answer 12

spina bifida and anencephaly

Question 13

name the two types of spina bifida:

Answer 13

open spina bifida, closed spina bifida

Question 14

name the process of oocyte + sperm cell → zygote:

Answer 14

fertilization

Question 15

name the process of zygote → blastula:

Answer 15

cleavage

Question 16

name the process of blastula → three layered embryo:

Answer 16

gastrulation

Question 17

name the process of three-layered embryo → three-layered embryo with neural tube

Answer 17

neurolation

Question 18

true or false: Neurons differentiate as signals secreted from different areas of the neural tube turn on/off genes in different cells.

Answer 18

true

Question 19

N_______ d__________ as signals secreted from different areas of the neural tube turn on/off genes in different cells.

Answer 19

neurons differenciate

Question 20

true or false: Neurons are wired together as chemical cues guide axonal growth cones to their targets, where they form synapses.

Answer 20

true

Question 21

the brain changes as certain connections are strengthened or reduced by u__ i_ o_ l___ i_

Answer 21

use it or lose it

Question 22

true or false: The governing principle of developmental biology is that the genome is a set of instructions for making an organ of the body, not a blueprint.

Answer 22

true :>

Question 23

The first step in brain development is…

Answer 23

cell division

Question 24

what is a key step in brain development?

Answer 24

differentiation

Question 25

Different kinds of neurons migrate to various locations in a process called:

Answer 25

pattern formation

Question 26

The first major event of pattern formation takes place in the _____ week when the embryo is just two connected sheets of ________ cells.

Answer 26

third, dividing

Question 27

when does the neural plate rolls up, closes into a tube and sinks into the embryo?

Answer 27

a week later

Question 28

what happens in the next few weeks after the neural plate closes?

Answer 28

cell shape, migration, cell-cell adhesion

Question 29

is spina bifida life-threatening?

Answer 29

no

Question 30

Once a neuron has its individual identity and stops dividing, it extends its axon with an enlarged tip known as a ______ ____.

Answer 30

growth cone

Question 31

what is the growth cone used for?

Answer 31

specialized for moving through tissue

Question 32

once the growth cone reaches its target it turns into a...

Answer 32

synapse

Question 33

what is axonal guidance?

Answer 33

supreme navigational feat.

Question 34

point to point mapping in the eye and the brain is required for _____ vision

Answer 34

sharp