Brain Bee Chapter 8 - Jacey Flashcards

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1
Q

The basic plan of the brain is virtually _________ from person to person and recognizably similar across all mammals.

A

identical

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2
Q

every step begins in the…

A

early life

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3
Q

oocyte combined with sperm cell equals ______

A

zygote

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4
Q

Zygotes divide through the process of ________, forming a ________.

A

cleavage, blastula

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5
Q

the blastocyte then plants itself into the:

A

uterine wall

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6
Q

A blastocyte is a _________ blastula.

A

mammalian

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7
Q

define gastrulation:

A

the process of a gastrula turning from a blastula.

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8
Q

Starting at day 7, blastula cells rearrange themselves in a process called ____________ into ______ layers.

A

gastrulation, three

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9
Q

three layers of cells will develop divergently through…

A

differentiation

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10
Q

differentiation gives rise to:

A

the all the body tissues

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11
Q

define neurolation:

A

the folding process in vertebrate embryos - the transformation of the neural plate into the neural tube

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12
Q

name the two conditions if the neural tube does not close

A

spina bifida and anencephaly

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13
Q

name the two types of spina bifida:

A

open spina bifida, closed spina bifida

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14
Q

name the process of oocyte + sperm cell → zygote:

A

fertilization

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15
Q

name the process of zygote → blastula:

A

cleavage

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16
Q

name the process of blastula → three layered embryo:

A

gastrulation

17
Q

name the process of three-layered embryo → three-layered embryo with neural tube

A

neurolation

18
Q

true or false: Neurons differentiate as signals secreted from different areas of the neural tube turn on/off genes in different cells.

A

true

19
Q

N_______ d__________ as signals secreted from different areas of the neural tube turn on/off genes in different cells.

A

neurons differenciate

20
Q

true or false: Neurons are wired together as chemical cues guide axonal growth cones to their targets, where they form synapses.

A

true

21
Q

the brain changes as certain connections are strengthened or reduced by u__ i_ o_ l___ i_

A

use it or lose it

22
Q

true or false: The governing principle of developmental biology is that the genome is a set of instructions for making an organ of the body, not a blueprint.

A

true :>

23
Q

The first step in brain development is…

A

cell division

24
Q

what is a key step in brain development?

A

differentiation

25
Q

Different kinds of neurons migrate to various locations in a process called:

A

pattern formation

26
Q

The first major event of pattern formation takes place in the _____ week when the embryo is just two connected sheets of ________ cells.

A

third, dividing

27
Q

when does the neural plate rolls up, closes into a tube and sinks into the embryo?

A

a week later

28
Q

what happens in the next few weeks after the neural plate closes?

A

cell shape, migration, cell-cell adhesion

29
Q

is spina bifida life-threatening?

A

no

30
Q

Once a neuron has its individual identity and stops dividing, it extends its axon with an enlarged tip known as a ______ ____.

A

growth cone

31
Q

what is the growth cone used for?

A

specialized for moving through tissue

32
Q

once the growth cone reaches its target it turns into a…

A

synapse

33
Q

what is axonal guidance?

A

supreme navigational feat.

34
Q

point to point mapping in the eye and the brain is required for _____ vision

A

sharp