Surgery/Dentistry Flashcards
Why is scrubbing patient skin prior to surgery no longer recommended?
It irritates the skin and potentially exposes deeper and more pathogenic bacteria to the skin surface, potentially contaminating the deeper tissues when the incision is made
How much blood does the average CTA hold when soaked?
0.1 mL
How much blood does a 4x4 gauze sponge hold when soaked?
10 +/- 2 mL
What % of blood loss results in hypovolemic shock and catecholamine release in most mammals?
15-20% loss of blood volume
How much blood loss in a rat can cause hypovolemic shock? A gerbil?
About 4 mL; 1.2 mL (20% blood volume)
What size vessels can the Ligasure seal?
Up to 7 mm in diameter
How do local anesthetics work?
Amides that stop the conduction of action potentials that mediate nociception by blocking voltage-gated dependent sodium channels
What is the major adverse effect of systemic absorption of amide anesthetics?
Cardiotoxicity characterized by depression of cardiac conductivity and contractility, increased HR, arterial pressure, and cardiac arrest
What route of amide anesthetic administration should be avoided and why?
Intra-articular administration because of possible chondrotoxicity
What does performing a transversus abdominis plane block look like?
Ultrasound guided - with probe at 45* angle, aim for anechoic line between internal fascia of internal oblique and external fascia of transversus abdominalis muscle (fascia is hyperechoic), inject 0.2 mL and anechoic oval will be formed (vs. explosion - incorrect placement)
How is a sciatic nerve block performed?
Sternal recumbency, palpate ischiatic tuberosity and greater trochanter and insert needle at midpoint
How is a femoral nerve block performed?
Lateral recumbency, ID femoral artery and insert needle between sartorius muscle cranially and femoral artery caudally; always apply negative pressure due to close proximity of femoral artery
For what rodent species should prophylactic ovariectomy be considered and why?
Rats, guinea pigs and gerbils; To prevent mammary tumors, ovarian cysts, and ovarian tumors respectively
What are potential complications of vessel-sealing devices such as the Ligasure?
Steatonecrosis, abdominal pain, concern for excess tissue damage, adehesions
What causes the pigmentation of enamel in rodents (besides guinea pigs)
Iron oxides
