Nutrition Flashcards
Why shouldn’t Emeraid herbivore IC be used for longer than 3 weeks?
It has limited fiber content; switch to Emeraid Sustain
Where does parenteral nutrition with an osmolarity greater than 550 need to be administered?
A central vein; in ferrets - usually medial saphenous and advanced into CVC
Why should TPN be avoided in rabbits if possible?
Portal fibrosis, functional cholestasis and complete colonic stasis have occurred
What are potential complications of parenteral nutrition?
Sepsis, thrombophlebitis, metabolic disturbances
What byproduct is produced and utilized as an energy source by microbial fermentation within the digestive tract?
Volatile fatty acids
If a rodent consumes feed intended for primates, what vitamin can be ingested in excess? What is the result?
Vitamin D3. Hypervitaminosis D causes metastatic calcification of soft tissues
Herbivore pellets should contain more than >20% __ and less than 10% __.
> 20% crude fiber; <10% starch
What nutrient do seed-based diets lack for rodents?
Calcium
Besides blood sampling, what parameters can be monitored in obese patients to evaluate for rapid shifts in metabolic status due to autolysis of fat?
Urine - hydration changes, a proxy for changes in blood pH, and evaluating for proteinuria, ketonuria, glucosuria
What 5 laboratory changes can indicate malnutrition?
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Decreased BUN
- Hypocholesterolemia
- Anemia
- Lymphopenia
To avoid refeeding syndrome, what scheduled should be followed for supplementation?
Feed 10-20% RER first day and increase by increments of 10-25% until 100% RER is reached
What are contraindications to syringe or tube feedings?
Patients that cannot maintain normal head position/can’t protect airway, severe dental/oral disease, head/cervical trauma, esophageal trauma, GI blockage, frequent regurg/vomiting
What electrolyte abnormalities can occur with refeeding syndrome?
Hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia
What biochemical parameters in rabbits have been associated with increased mortality over time?
Low L-lactate (less than 2.2 mmol/L for >24 hrs), anorexia with BUN>24 and persistent hyponatremia (<129 mEq/L)
What are possible complications of refeeding syndrome?
Hemolytic anemia, muscle weakness, ataxia, cardiorespiratory abnormalities, neuro dysfunction
What is the protein requirement of growing rabbits? Hystricomorphs?
15-16%; 18-20%
What is the recommended dietary vitamin C required in growing guinea pigs?
30 mg/kg/d
What are symptoms of vitamin E deficiency in growing ferrets?
Lethargy, pain, reluctance to move, death, firm SQ swellings - steatitis, and fatty liver are found post-mortem
What causes Vitamin E deficiency in growing ferrets?
Diets high in polyunsaturated fats, but low in Vitamin E
What % protein and fat should growing hedgehogs be fed on a DM basis?
30-50%; 10-20%
A sugar glider fed large amount of non-gut-loaded insects and fruits including bananas, grapes and apples, develops hindlimb paresis. What is the most likely cause?
Metabolic bone disease
What are the most common nutritional diseases of juvenile exotic mammals?
Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, GI stasis and vitamin deficiencies
How do hindgut fermenting ECM receive their daily B12 requirements?
Cecotrophy
What mineral is structurally required for Vit B12 absorption?
Cobalt
What is the most common cause of elevated serum manganese?
Artifact of hemolysis
