Anesthesia/Analgesia Flashcards
Where is the V-gel designed to sit and why?
Over the larynx; the tip enters the esophagus to ensure gas flow goes into the airway
How should V-gel placement be confirmed?
Readings of a capnograph (visualize the waveforms) and movement of the reservoir bag
What complications can occur with V-gel placement?
Lingual cyanosis, gastric inflation, dental issues, insertion difficulties/incorrect placement leading to laryngeal compression/reduced airway, gas leakage
What is the main benefit of videoendoscopic placement of endotracheal tubes?
It decreases the risk of trauma to the glottis
What is the normal tidal volume of small mammals?
10 to 20 mL/kg
What peak inspiratory pressure is recommended for small mammals?
Between 10 to 15 cm H2O
What is the disadvantage of direct blood pressure monitoring via arterial line?
Time consuming, difficult placement of the line
What complications can be seen secondary to arterial line placement?
Emboli, nerve or vessel damage (ear pinna necrosis), ischemia, frequent heparin admin - iatrogenic coagulation issues
What location can be used for arterial line in rabbits? In the ferret?
Central auricular artery; coccygeal artery (carotid and femoral also reported)
What Doppler measurement is concerning for hypotension in anesthetized rabbits?
Less than 80 mm Hg
What is guinea pig normal resting blood pressure?
Systolic 65-75 mmHg, diastolic 44 to 52 mm Hg
What location for blood pressure measurement showed good correlation w carotid direct blood pressures in rats?
Cuff placement on the tail
What is an electric nerve stimulator and how is it used?
A power source that generates electrical impulses and is connected to a stimulating needle; A negative electrode is applied to skin proximal to target nerve and current of electrons generates an action potential. Depolarization of motor fibers results in contraction of innervated muscle
What type of probe should be utilized for ultrasound guided nerve blocks?
Linear transducer from 7 to 15 mHz
What is the appearance of local anesthetic when ultrasound guided nerve blocks are performed?
When properly delivered, it forms a black (hypoechoic) fluid ring around the nerve, called a doughnut sign
What is a risk of intubation in mini pigs?
Intubation of the tracheal bronchus (or bypassing it completely) that ventilates accessory right lung lobe and branches off trachea prior to bronchial bifurcation
How is most heat lost during anesthesia?
Radiation
What block should be performed for extraction of the upper incisors in a rabbit?
Infraorbital or rostral maxillary nerve block
What block should be performed for extraction of mandibular cheek teeth in a rabbit?
Caudal mandibular or inferior alveolar nerve (extraoral approach through medial pterygoid muscle - medial aspect of mandible)
