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ABVP ECM Boards > Rabbits > Flashcards

Rabbits Flashcards

1
Q

What makes enucleation of rabbit eyes more difficult than other species?

A

The extensive orbital venous plexus

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2
Q

What two locations are prone to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct (dacryostenosis)?

A

The proximal maxillary bend and apex of the main upper incisor

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3
Q

During a bulla osteotomy, what landmark needs to be avoided to prevent loss of palpebral reflex, ipsilateral drooling and ipsilateral facial contraction?

A

The facial nerve

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4
Q

What is the most common vertebral formula in rabbits?

A

C7/T12/L7/S4

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5
Q

Where does the spinal cord end in most rabbits?

A

Within S2

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6
Q

What is the classification of rabbit teeth?

A

Elodont, hypsodont, aradicular

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7
Q

What is the rabbit dental formula

A

2 x I2/1 PM3/2 M3/3 = 28

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8
Q

What is the gestation length in rabbits?

A

30-32 days

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9
Q

What is unique about rabbit milk?

A

It is higher in fat, protein and ash than that of other species except rats

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10
Q

What organism is implicated in ‘wet dewlap’ disease?

A

Pseudomonas causing a moist dermatitis of the chin/dewlap

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11
Q

What is the best site for spinal fluid collection in rabbits?

A

The cerebellomedullary cistern

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12
Q

What are the landmarks for needle placement for a CSF tap in a rabbit?

A

The cranial margins of the wings of the atlas and occipital protuberance

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13
Q

Where can intraosseous catheters be placed in rabbits?

A

The proximal humerus, greater trochanter of femur or tibial crest

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14
Q

What is the most common inherited disease in rabbits and what does it lead to?

A

Mandibular prognathism, causing primary incisor malocclusion

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15
Q

What organism causes hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits? Where specifically do they proliferate?

A

Eimeria stiedae; Bile duct epithelial cells

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16
Q

A rabbit with a diffusely heterogenous liver with multiple poorly defined, hyperechoic regions and dilated hepatic blood vessels and bile ducts on ultrasound is likely suffering from what?

A

Hepatic coccidiosis

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17
Q

What is cholestyramine used for in rabbits?

A

To bind bacterial toxins in bacterial enteritis

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18
Q

Intrauterine transmission of what organism into the lens before capsule formation can cause phacoclastic uveitis?

A

Encephalitozoon cuniculi

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19
Q

Rabbits are prone to this type of respiratory diseases which lead to short, rapid, shallow breaths because of their small thoracic cavity.

A

Restrictive diseases, which prevent the lungs from expanding

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20
Q

What type of respiratory disease in rabbits leads to slower/deeper breaths?

A

Obstructive disease, which occurs with narrowing of the airway passages

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21
Q

Upper obstructive respiratory disease causes increased ___ effort, while lower obstructive respiratory disease in rabbits causes increased ___ effort.

A

Upper - inspiratory; Lower - expiratory +/- inspiratory

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22
Q

Unilateral nasal discharge is usually indicative of what type of disease in rabbits?

A

Upper respiratory disease

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23
Q

Thoracocentesis in rabbits should be performed with the patient in ___ lateral recumbency at what location?

A

Lateral; in the 7th-9th intercostal space along the cranial border of the rib along the body wall

24
Q

What disease should be considered with epistaxis, hyperemic tracheal mucosa, fluid in the trachea and/or congested/hemorrhagic lungs in rabbits?

A

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease

25
Q

What 3 ways is myxomatosis transmitted?

A

Direct contact w/oculonasal secretions or eroded skin lesions, via biting insects/arthropods or via contaminated environment

26
Q

What serogroup of Pasteurella multocida most commonly causes disease in rabbits?

A

Serogroup A, lesser extend D & F

27
Q

Pasteurella multocida strains in rabbits are generally sensitive to which antibiotics?

A

Chloramphenicol, novobiocin, oxytetracycline, penicillin G, fluoroquinolones, azithromycin, TMS

28
Q

Reinfection of what area is common in rabbits with pasteurellosis due to poor antibiotic penetration?

A

The nasal cavity (+ eustachian tubes, middle ear cavities)

29
Q

What two bacteria are commonly implicated in opportunistic infections with pasteurellosis?

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica and Staphyloccocus aureus

30
Q

What are the most common types of lung tumors?

A

Metastatic lesions from uterine carcinoma, mammary gland adenocarcinoma and lymphoma

31
Q

List 4 possible causes of mediastinal masses in rabbits:

A
  1. Thymoma (most common)
  2. Thymic lymphoma
  3. Thymic carcinoma
  4. Mediastinal abscess
32
Q

List 4 possible paraneoplastic syndromes that can occur in conjunction with thymoma:

A
  1. Anemia
  2. Hypercalcemia
  3. Systemic immune disorders
  4. Dermatoses (sebaceous adenitis)
33
Q

What is recommended when a rabbit is in dorsal recumbency to avoid compromising spontaneous respiration or assisted ventilation during surgery?

A

Slight thoracic elevation

34
Q

How is a chylous effusion diagnosed?

A

Fluid with an elevated triglyceride concentration when compared with plasma and a decreased or WNL cholesterol concentration; Chol:trig concentrations are generally less than 1

35
Q

What does a fluid to plasma triglyceride ratio greater than 2-3:1 indicate?

A

A chylous effusion

36
Q

How is RHDV2 transmitted?

A

Direct contact w/infected animals, carcasses, bodily fluids and hair; Fomites and insect/animal vectors

37
Q

RHDV2 not only infects the European rabbit as RHDVa does, but can also affect what?

A

Various Lepus species including hares (and cottontails now)

38
Q

RHD from classic RHDVa causes ___ morbidity and ___ mortality in adult rabbits

A

High (up to 100%); high (70-90%); But does not affect kits <30 days and young less likely to be infected

39
Q

RHDV2 causes disease and death in animals as young as ___ and has ___ mortality.

A

15-20 days old; More variable mortality from 5-80%, but seems to be increasing indicating evolution

40
Q

_____ is now the primary viral RHD strain in Europe and Australia

A

RHDV2

41
Q

A rabbit presenting with lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, and jaundice is likely suffering from what infectious disease?

A

RHDV2

42
Q

What is the primary pathologic lesion associated with RHD?

A

Extensive hepatic necrosis; could also see evidence of DIC w/petechiation/hemorrhage of all tissues

43
Q

What agents can inactivate RHDV viruses?

A

Bleach, formalin and chloramine

44
Q

A rabbitry is experiencing acute deaths in animals housed outside. Necropsy findings of affected animals include multifocal white nodules in the lungs, kidneys, GIT and lymph nodes. What pathogen should be suspected?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

45
Q

What emerging virus that is typically asymptomatic in rabbits but causes hepatitis in humans should veterinarians in contact with rabbits be familiar with due to potential zoonosis risk?

A

Hepatitis E virus

46
Q

Why are rabbits kept in hutches with minimal exercise more prone to vertebral fracture?

A

They have less opportunity/motivation to stand so epaxial muscles are not utilized (therefore calcium deposition into vertebrae does not occur)

47
Q

Why is clumping litter unsafe for rabbits?

A

Rabbits commonly eat their litter; clumping litter will clump within the GIT and cause blockage; or could be toxic

48
Q

What area is blocked by infusion of local anesthetic at the infraorbital foramen?

A

sensory innervation to the upper incisor teeth, upper lip and adjacent soft tissues

49
Q

What 2 locations can be utilized to block the maxillary nerve?

A

In large rabbits, the caudal infraorbital canal; Below the zygomatic arch, caudal to lateral canthus of eye, advanced dorsally/medially/caudally to pterygopalatine fossa

50
Q

What areas are affected by a maxillary nerve block?

A

Hard and soft tissues of the ipsilateral maxilla, skin of the nose, cheek, upper lip and maybe ipsilateral hard/soft palate and nasal mucosa

51
Q

What block should be used to anesthetize the lower incisor?

A

Mental nerve block

52
Q

Where are epidural injections performed in rabbits?

A

At the LS junction (around the level of the most prominent portion of the wings of the ilium)

53
Q

What should be done if CSF is detected while attempting a LS epidural

A

Administer a lower volume than originally planned

54
Q

How can rabbits be tested for hyperthyroidism?

A

Check the thyroid:salivary ratio using scintigraphy with technetium 99 pertechnetate

55
Q

What are normal and abnormal values for the thyroid:salivary gland ratio in hyperthyroid rabbits?

A

Euthyroid should be 1:1; Hyper have approached 4:1

ABVP ECM Boards (10 decks)

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