Literature

Question 1

In the 2020 paper by Doss and Mans, this medication was found to be safe, effective and non-sedating when administered SQ under the mantle to African pygmy hedgehogs from 0.01-0.05 mg/kg.

Answer 1

Buprenorphine hydrochloride

Question 2

For how long was buprenorphine hydrochloride found to be efficacious in hedgehogs at 0.01 mg/kg and at 0.03-0.05 mg/kg SQ?

Answer 2

0.01 mg/kg: 36 hours
0.03-0.05 mg/kg: 48 hours

Question 3

The 2019 paper, “Effects of ______ emulsion in the ears of rabbits with perforated tympanic membranes” found that this drug has ototoxic effects in the middle ear of rabbits.

Answer 3

Enrofloxacin-silver sulfadiazine emulsion

Question 4

The paper “Evaluation of glomerular filtration rate estimation by means of plasma clearance of iohexol in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)” came to what conclusion?

Answer 4

Plasma clearance of iohexol is a safe, reliable, accurate way to measure GFR in domestic rabbits

Question 5

What portion of the rabbit GI tract can be evaluated with both B-mode and pulsed-wave Doppler (PWD) ultrasound to evaluate GI activity?

Answer 5

The duodenum and jejunum (and the two methods had high agreement)

Question 6

“Effects of injectable dexmedetomidine-ketamine-midazolam and isoflurane inhalation anesthetic protocols on ocular variables in captive black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)” found that what two ophthalmic variables decreased significantly over time under anesthesia?

Answer 6

Tear production and IOPs

Question 7

“Pharmacokinetics of maropitant citrate in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)” by Ozawa, et al came to what conclusion about plasma concentration of maropitant in rabbits after 24 hrs? What additional finding was significant?

Answer 7

Plasma concentrations were similar to dogs for both SQ and IV administrations.
Increased fecal output was noted in rabbits that received maropitant

Question 8

Comparison of the effects of a dexmedetomidine-ketamine-midazolam anesthetic protocol versus isoflurane inhalation anesthesia on echocardiography variables and plasma cardiac troponin I concentration in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) came to what conclusion about the anesthetic protocols used?

Answer 8

Echo findings didn’t change, but plasma troponin concentrations were increased in the group that received isoflurane as the second treatment (assumed to be a carryover affect from prior DKM treatment) - potential myocardial injury from DKM

Question 9

Based on the findings in “Pharmacokinetics of hydromorphone hydrochloride after intravenous and intramuscular administration in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)”, how often should 0.3 mg/kg hydromorphine be administered IV and IM to maintain analgesic plasma concentrations?

Answer 9

IV - every 2-3 hours or IM - every 4-5 hours

Question 10

The paper “Investigation for correction formulas on the basis of packed cell volume for blood glucose concentration measurements obtained with portable glucometers when used in rabbits” found blood glucose concentrations were falsely ___ for veterinary PBG when PCV was <31% and falsely ___ for all test methods with PCV >41%. What was the final conclusion?

Answer 10

Low; High
Veterinary PBG (on canine and feline setting) should not be used in rabbits
Human PBG had improved accuracy with a correction formula:
BG + ([0.75xPCV] - 15)

Question 11

Vessel sealing devices were effective at sealing what tissues, making them potentially useful for ovariectomies?

Answer 11

Uterine horns (however they did not effectively seal cervical-vestibule junctions so should not be used for OVH)

Question 12

Why is laparoscopic OVE not recommended (needs more studies) in rabbits based on this 2020 paper: Comparison of intra− and postoperative variables between laparoscopic and open ovariectomy in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)?

Answer 12

Surgery time was 2x longer, no evidence of pain reduction/faster return to physio status and SI perforation occurred in 1 rabbit

Question 13

What dose of pimobendan is indicated for rabbits based on a 2022 study?

Answer 13

2 mg/kg in a critical care feeding formula q12-24hrs

Question 14

Can firocoxib be used in rabbits?

Answer 14

While PK research shows plasma concentrations should be achieved, PD results do not show significant COX-2 inhibition so we need more studies

Question 15

What adverse effects were noted with a single injection of high concentration buprenorphine (0.24 mg/kg) in healthy rabbits?

Answer 15

Decreased food and water consumption, less feces/urine production

Question 16

What drug should only be used for short-term analgesia when injected into the mantle of hedgehogs?

Answer 16

Methadone at 1 to 1.5 mg/kg (lasts <2 hrs)

Question 17

List 4 prognostic indicators of death in ferrets:

Answer 17

Hypothermia ~4x odds
Anemia ~5x odds
Hyperglycemia 2.6x odds
Severe hypoglycemia (<40 mg/dL) - nearly 10x the odds!

Question 18

What ADEs were seen when long-acting subcutaneous and transdermal buprenorphine was administered to rats?

Answer 18

Self-injurious behavior, hyperthermia, reduced food intake/fecal output