Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical > Surgery > Flashcards

Surgery Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

اسمولاریته سرم فورمول؟ رنج نرمال؟

A

2Na+Glu/18+BUN/2.8

280-300

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

نوع مایع نگهداره بالغ و اطفال

A

Halfsalin+20meqK+ DW 5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

مایع maintenance

A 
در ساعت:
4*10 اول
2*10 دوم
1*... بقیه
cc/kg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

مایعات فضای سوم پریتونیت پلور

مايع جبرانى چه نوعى؟

A

N/S

یا رینگرلاکتات

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

بهترین نشانه احیای مناسب مايعات

به ترتيب ١-٢-٣

A

آزمایشات لاکتات

بالین

برون‌ده ادرار

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

استفراغ و NG:
تغییرات اسید و باز خون؟
مایع جبرانی؟

A

آلکالوز متابولیک ، هایپوکلرمیک، هایپوکالمیک

N/S+20 k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

شایع ترین آمینواسید بدن

A

گلوتامین
ذخیره و کاتابولسیم و مهمترین منبع انرژی انتروسیت
ضروری نیست

تجویز برای ترمیم زخم تایید نشده

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

اسید‌آمینه آنابولیک؟
کجا می‌دیم؟
کجا نمی‌دیم؟

A

آرژنین

تجویز زیاد کاهش فشار از طریق تولید NO» سپسیس❌

در ترمیم زخم مفید

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Omega 3

A

اسید چرپ مفید، کاهش ایمنی» کاهش التهاب
لینولنیک اسید

ترمیم زخم مفید

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

امگا ۶و TG بلند زنجیر اثرات (۲مورد)

A

کاهش ایمنی و افزایش ریسک عفونت

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

بهترین نشانه تعیین سوتغذیه در چند روز پیش از عمل

A

پره آلبومین ۲-۳ روز
Rpb رتینول بایندیگ پروتئن ۱۲ ساعت

در نارسایی کلیه افزایش
کمبود ویتامی A کمبود Rbp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

بررسی سوتغذیه به مدت طولانی تر تا یک ماه اندازه‌گیری

A

آلبومین ۲۱ روز

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

در شك به سوتغذيه

اگر آلبومین پایین باشد قدم دوم اندازه‌گیری

A

. CRP

اگر بالا باشد دلیل کاهش آلبومین التهاب است نه سوتغذیه

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

کسی که مجبور به مصرف کورتون است برای کاهش اثر کورتون بر ترمیم زخم

A

.ویتامین A رفع اثر کورتون

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ATC acute traumatic coagolopaty

دلیل ۳ تا

A 
حتی اگر همه واحد‌های خونی نرمال باشد
 ۲۵٪ بیماران
کاهش پروتین c
کاهش جریان خون بافتی
افزایش ترومبومادیولین
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

احیا به روش damage control

A 
موقع جراحی اورژانس کاهش خونریزی و جلوگیری از آلودگی بافت
جراحی کامل نبودم نبود
سریع باشد 
شکم سریع سوچور 
۲۴ ساعت icu
جراحی second look
آناستومز❌ اول استومی می‌ذاریم
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

هایپوتنشن تعمدی
كى مى‌دهیم‌
چرا

A

خونریزی شدید باشد
فشار خون سیستولیک ۷۰-۸۰
خونریزی زیاد نشود به مغز خون برسد

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

برای بند آوردن خونریزی شدید ۳ تا

A

فاکتو ۷ نوترکیب بند می‌آورد، ترومبوز افزایش DVP و آمبولی

ترازینمیک اسید پایداری لخته در ۳ ساعت اول/ جراحی ماژور ودندان/ پیشگیری هم می‌شود داد

تست ترومبوالاستوگرافی

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ونتیلیشن pressure control چه مزایایی نسبت به volume control دارد (۳)

A

جلوگیری از پنوموتوراکس، التهاب ریه، تهویه ناکافی

20
Q

در بیمار ARDS تهویه به روش

A

.volume control
۶-۸ cc/kg
Tidal volume

21
Q

چه موقع بیمار را Extube می‌کنیم

A

.Spo2 نزدیک به نرمال
.PCo2 نزدیک نرمال
.PEEP< 5 cmH2O

22
Q

برای تخمین موفقیت Extube کردن

A

Rapid shallow breathing index
تعدادتنفس٪ هوای جاری به لیتر=
هرچقدر کوچک تر باشد احتمال موفقیت بیشتر است

23
Q

مهمترین فاکتور ترمیم زخم

A

Zinc

روی

24
Q

آتلکتازی به چه دليل ايجاد مى شود؟ (٤ مورد)

علائم (٣ مورد)

A

تب ۱-۲ روز بعد از جراحی>۳۸
کدورت در ریه
گاهی آزمایش خلط اسمیر و کشت مثبت

درد
نداشتن سرفه
خوابیده
داروهای بیهوشی

25
Q

۱-۲ روز بعد از جراحی تب

A

آتلکتازی

26
Q

۲-۳ روز بعد از جراحى تب

A

عفونت اداری

27
Q

۳-۵ روز بعد از جراحى تب

A

عفونت محل جراحی

28
Q

۵-۷ روز بعد از جراحى تب

A

فلبیت و DVT

29
Q

٧-١٠ روز بعد از جراحى تب

A

آبسه ها

30
Q

تب بعد از رد بقيه موارد

جراحى

A

علل دارويى

31
Q

باز کردن راه هوایی در تروما

A

Chin lift

Jaw trust

32
Q

باز کردن راه هوایی در غیر تروما

A

Chin lift

Head tilt

33
Q

باز نگه داشتن راه هوایی ناهوشیار و شکستکی مید فیس

هوشیار

A

Oral airway

Nasal airway

34
Q

ترومایی نتوانستیم راه هوایی باز کنیم

A

انتوباسیون اوروتراکئال

35
Q

جراحی: انتوباسیون ناموفق

A

کیروتیرویدوتومی ۶ با کاف برش عرضی

کیروتیرویدوستومی ۱۶-۱۸ آنژیوکت

36
Q

در رفتن لارنکس

A

تراکئوستومی جراحی

37
Q

Thrombotic pile anus

A

A thrombosed hemorrhoid occurs when a blood clot forms inside a hemorrhoidal vein, obstructing blood flow and causing a painful swelling of the anal tissues. Thrombosed hemorrhoids are not dangerous, but they can be very painful and cause rectal bleeding if they become ulcerated.

38
Q 
Undescended testicles (also known as cryptorchidism) def?
treatment?
A

Is a condition in which one or both of a baby boy’s testicles (testes) have not moved down into their proper place in the scrotum.

The operation should ideally be carried out before your child’s 12 months old. This is because waiting longer than this may increase a boy’s risk of developing fertility problems (infertility) or testicular cancer later in life.

Surgery. The undescended testicle may be moved into the scrotal sac with surgery. This surgery is called orchiopexy.

39
Q

GCS

A

The Glasgow Coma Scale/Score (GCS) estimates coma severity based on Eye (4), Verbal (5), and Motor (6) criteria

Best eye response:
If local injury, edema, or otherwise unable to be assessed, mark "Not testable (NT)"
Spontaneously (+4)
To verbal command (+3)
To pain (+2)
No eye opening (+1)
Not testable (NT)
Best verbal response:
If intubated or otherwise unable to be assessed, mark "Not testable (NT)"
Oriented (+5)
Confused (+4)
Inappropriate words (+3)
Incomprehensible sounds (+2)
No verbal response (+1)
Not testable/intubated (NT)
Best motor response:
If on sedation/paralysis or unable to be assessed, mark "Not testable (NT)"
Obeys commands (+6)
Localizes pain (+5)
Withdrawal from pain (+4)
Flexion to pain (+3)
Extension to pain (+2)
No motor response (+1)
Not testable (NT)
40
Q

Hiatus hernia def

A

A hiatal hernia is when your stomach bulges up into your chest through an opening in your diaphragm, the muscle that separates the two areas. The opening is called the hiatus, so this condition is also called a hiatus hernia. There are two main types of hiatal hernias: sliding and paraesophageal.
Symptoms: Heartburn; Chest pain

41
Q

Burn is needed treatment ttt

A

Apply silver sulfadiazine and start antibiotic

42
Q

when should referral a patient to burn specialist

A
  1. Partial thickness burns >= 20% Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) in patients aged 10 - 50 years old.
  2. Partial thickness burns >=10% TBSA in children aged 10 or adults aged 50 years old.
  3. Full-thickness burns >= 5% TBSA in patients of any age.
  4. Patients with partial or full-thickness burns of the hands, feet, face, eyes, ears, perineum, and/or major joints.
  5. Patients with high-voltage electrical injuries, including lightning injuries.
  6. Patients with significant burns from caustic chemicals.
  7. Patients with burns complicated by multiple trauma in which the burn injury poses the greatest risk of morbidity or mortality. In such cases, if the trauma poses the greater immediate risk, the patient may be treated initially in a trauma center until stable before being transferred to a burn center. Physician judgment will be necessary in such situations and should be in concert with the regional medical control plan and triage protocols.
  8. Patients with burns who suffer inhalation injury.
  9. Patients with significant ongoing medical disorders that could complicate management, prolong recovery, or affect mortality.
  10. Hospitals without qualified personnel or equipment for the care of children should transfer children with burns to a burn center with these capabilities.
  11. Burn Injury in patients who will require special social/emotional and /or long-term rehabilitative support, including cases involving suspected child abuse, substance abuse, etc.
43
Q

Thoracentesis

A

is a procedure to remove fluid or air from around the lungs. A needle is put through the chest wall into the pleural space. The pleural space is the thin gap between the pleura of the lung and of the inner chest wall. The pleura is a double layer of membranes that surrounds the lungs.

In order to minimize potential injury of the diaphragm, the lowest recommended level for thoracentesis is between the eighth and ninth ribs (eighth intercostals space).

44
Q

mesenteric ischemia

A

In mesenteric ischemia, a blockage in an artery cuts off blood flow to a portion of the intestine. Mesenteric ischemia (mez-un-TER-ik is-KEE-me-uh) occurs when narrowed or blocked arteries restrict blood flow to your small intestine. Decreased blood flow can permanently damage the small intestine

Acute mesenteric ischemia is a life-threatening vascular emergency that requires early diagnosis and intervention to adequately restore mesenteric blood flow and to prevent bowel necrosis and patient death

Acute mesenteric ischemia is most commonly caused by a blood clot in the main mesenteric artery. The blood clot often originates in the heart. The chronic form is most commonly caused by a buildup of plaque that narrows the arteries

45
Q

Parkland formula

A

The widely quoted Baxter (Parkland) formula for initial fluid resuscitation of burn victims is 4 mL of Ringer’s lactate per kilogram of body weight per %TBSA burned, one half to be given during the first 8 hours after injury and the rest in the next 16 hours.

46
Q

TBSA

A 
The Palmer Method of estimating total body surface area (TBSA) is an easy way to get a rough burn size estimate that can be used when calculating a patients fluid resuscitation needs. The patient's palmar surface including their fingers = 1% TBSA.
Head	9%	Anterior Head = 4.5%
Posterior Head = 4.5%
Torso 	18%	Chest = 9%
Abdomen = 9%
Back	18%	–
Each Arm	9%	Anterior Arm = 4.5%
Posterior Arm = 4.5%
Each Leg	18%	Anterior Leg = 9%
Posterior Leg = 9%
Perineum	1%	–
47
Q

Best prophylaxis for thrombosis post surgery

A

LMWH

Medical (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions