Children

Question 1

داروی جلوگیری از تشکیل آنوریسم در مارفان

Answer 1

لوزارتان

Question 2

Daily physical activity child
<4 > 4

Answer 2

60 120 min

Question 3

Pediatric GERD investigation

Answer 3

PH probe

Question 4

Hypoglycemia in child with symptom ttt?

Answer 4

Blouse of 2.5 ml/kg of DW 10%

Question 5

Female, Not menstruating, Short stature, Short neck, HTN
Dx suggest?

Answer 5

Turner

Question 6

Single palmar crease
Dx

Answer 6

Down

Question 7

Tell story, count to 4
How old is the chid?

Answer 7

4 years

Question 8

Imp cervical lymph node for Dx lymphoma

Answer 8

Preauricular lymph node

Question 9

Pediatric c/o vomiting (NONbilious) and FFT?
Xray caractristic?

Answer 9

Pyloric stenosis
Double buble

Question 10

Steroid medication main SI in children

Answer 10

Growth retardation

Question 11

Biphosphonates

Answer 11

class of drugs that prevent the loss of bone density, used to treat osteoporosis and similar diseases.They are called bisphosphonates because they have two phosphonate (PO(OH)
2) groups

Question 12

Erythema toxicum

Answer 12

is a common rash seen in full-term newborns. It usually appears in the first few days after birth and fades within a week. Up to half of all newborns will have erythema toxicum. Cause unknown. Dd with infection

Question 13

Infant, hs of ab use, oral white plaque dx? ttt?

Answer 13

Candidiasis
Oral nystatin

Question 14

Child sleep with milk bottle, most common complication

Answer 14

Dental caries

Question 15

Epiglottitis symptoms (7)

Answer 15

1.Fever💯.
2.Severe sore throat.
3.Abnormal, high-pitched sound when breathing in (stridor)
4.Difficult and painful swallowing.
5.Drooling.💯
6.Anxious, restless behavior.💯
7.Feeling better when sitting up or leaning forward.

Question 16

Prevent hemorrhagic dis in newborn give vit

Answer 16

K

Question 17

How heal clavicle fracture in infant

Answer 17

Usually heal without complication

Question 18

Enuresis drug

Answer 18

Desmopressin and imipramin

Question 19

The most common cause of precocious puberty

Answer 19

Idiopathic

Question 20

Best way decrease infection in neonatal area

Answer 20

Washing hands befor and after examination

Question 21

How do you treat a spontaneous nosebleed?

Answer 21

sit down and firmly pinch the soft part of your nose, just above your nostrils, for at least 10-15 minutes.
lean forward and breathe through your mouth – this will drain blood into your nose instead of down the back of your throat

Question 22

Kwashiorkor

Answer 22

Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition. It’s most common in some developing regions where babies and children do not get enough protein or other essential nutrients in their diet. The main sign of kwashiorkor is too much fluid in the body’s tissues, which causes swelling under the skin (oedema).
Low protein, High carbohydrates

Question 23

DiGeorge synd

Answer 23

DiGeorge syndrome is a condition present from birth that can cause a range of lifelong problems, including heart defects and learning difficulties. The severity of the condition varies. Some children can be severely ill and very occasionally may die from it, but many others may grow up without realising they have it
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delays in learning to walk or talk and other developmental and learning delays.
hearing and vision problems.
mouth and feeding problems.
short stature.
frequent infections.
bone, spine, or muscle problems.
unusual facial features, including an underdeveloped chin, low-set ears, and wide-set eyes.

Question 24

Child with bad behavior

Answer 24

Encourage good behavior

Question 25

Child droped on his head no LOC , oriented, vomited mext invest?

Answer 25

CT

Question 26

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Answer 26

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is a rare genetic immunodeficiency that keeps a child’s immune system from functioning properly. It also makes it difficult for a child’s bone marrow to produce platelets, making a child prone to bleeding. It occurs mostly in males

Description. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is characterized by abnormal immune system function (immune deficiency), eczema (an inflammatory skin disorder characterized by abnormal patches of red, irritated skin), and a reduced ability to form blood clots

Question 27

Bruton agammaglobulinemia

Answer 27

Bruton agammaglobulinemia, also known as X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) or Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia, is an inherited immunodeficiency disorder. It is characterized by the absence of mature B cells which in turn leads to severe antibody deficiency and recurrent infections.

The diagnosis of XLA can be confirmed by demonstrating the absence of BTK protein in monocytes or platelets or by the detection of a mutation in BTK in DNA. Almost every family has a different mutation in BTK; however, members of the same family usually have the same mutation

Question 28

Terner synd

Answer 28

Turner syndrome, a condition that affects only females, results when one of the X chromosomes (sex chromosomes) is missing or partially missing. Turner syndrome can cause a variety of medical and developmental problems, including short height, failure of the ovaries to develop and heart defects

General features
a particularly short, wide neck (webbed neck)
a broad chest and widely spaced nipples.
arms that turn out slightly at the elbows.
a low hairline.
teeth problems.
a large number of moles.
small, spoon-shaped nails.
a short 4th finger or toe.

Question 29

All deciduous teeth fully erupt at age

Answer 29

2-3 yrs

Question 30

Duchen muscle dystrophy

Answer 30

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness due to the alterations of a protein called dystrophin that helps keep muscle cells intact. DMD is one of four conditions known as dystrophinopathies

It is caused by a genetic mutation on one of the mother’s X chromosomes, and researchers have identified some of the affected genes. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by a genetic problem in producing dystrophin, a protein that protects muscle fibers from breaking down when exposed to enzymes.

It usually starts when a child is between ages 2 and 5. Symptoms of Duchenne muscular dystrophy include: Muscle weakness that begins in the hips, pelvis, and legs. Difficulty standing

The disease is progressive and most affected individuals require a wheelchair by the teenage years. Serious life-threatening complications may ultimately develop including disease of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy) and breathing (respiratory) difficulties.

Question 31

Strawberry nevus

Answer 31

Strawberry nevus is a fancy name for a red birthmark. This red tinge of skin comes from a collection of blood vessels close to the skin’s

Though it’s called a birthmark, a strawberry nevus doesn’t always appear at birth. The mark can also appear when a child is several weeks old. They’re usually harmless and typically fade by the time a child reaches age 10. If it doesn’t fade, removal options are available to minimize the birthmark’s appearance

Topical medications applied directly on the skin may be used for small, superficial hemangiomas. Prescription creams or ointments containing beta-blockers are the most effective topical treatment option to help stop growth and sometimes shrink and fade hemangiomas

Question 32

Child drink juice then diarrhea?

Answer 32

Fructosomia

Question 33

Umbelical granuloma

Answer 33

An umbilical granuloma is a moist, red lump of tissue that can form on a baby’s navel (belly button). It can be seen in the first few weeks of life, after the umbilical cord has dried and fallen off. It’s usually a minor problem that looks worse than it is. An umbilical granuloma does not cause pain

Question 34

Meconium

Answer 34

Meconium is the earliest stool of a mammalian infant resulting from defecation. Unlike later feces, meconium is composed of materials ingested during the time the infant spends in the uterus: intestinal epithelial cells, lanugo, mucus, amniotic fluid, bile, and water

For the first few days, when babies pass stool, the meconium is passed out of their body. Around day three to five, a baby’s bowel movements turn to yellow, seedy stools

Question 35

Midgout valvolus

Answer 35

is a condition in which the intestine has become twisted as a result of malrotation during. Malrotation of the intestine occurs when the normal embryologic sequence of bowel development and fixation is interrupted

If midgut volvulus is present, the entire small intestine along with the transverse colon is delivered out of the abdominal incision, where the volvulus can be reduced. Because the volvulus usually twists in a clockwise direction, reduction is accomplished by twisting in a counterclockwise direction

Midgut volvulus is a surgical emergency that can quickly lead to bowel necrosis, sepsis, and death. Prompt diagnosis is therefore crucial for these patients. The treatment of choice is Ladd’s procedure

Question 36

NRDS
RDS

Answer 36

Newborn respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) happens when a baby’s lungs are not fully developed and cannot provide enough oxygen, causing breathing difficulties. It usually affects premature babies. It’s also known as infant respiratory distress syndrome, hyaline membrane disease or surfactant deficiency lung disease.

If a baby is premature (born before 37 weeks of pregnancy), he or she may not have made enough surfactant yet. When there is not enough surfactant, the tiny alveoli collapse with each breath. As the alveoli collapse, damaged cells collect in the airways. They further affect breathing.

If a premature baby is lacking surfactant, artificial surfactant may be given. Surfactant is delivered using an artificial airway or breathing tube that is inserted into the trachea, or windpipe, either immediately at birth for extremely premature babies, or later once respiratory problems have revealed themselves.