Children Flashcards
داروی جلوگیری از تشکیل آنوریسم در مارفان
لوزارتان
Daily physical activity child
<4 > 4
60 120 min
Pediatric GERD investigation
PH probe
Hypoglycemia in child with symptom ttt?
Blouse of 2.5 ml/kg of DW 10%
Female, Not menstruating, Short stature, Short neck, HTN
Dx suggest?
Turner
Single palmar crease
Dx
Down
Tell story, count to 4
How old is the chid?
4 years
Imp cervical lymph node for Dx lymphoma
Preauricular lymph node
Pediatric c/o vomiting (NONbilious) and FFT?
Xray caractristic?
Pyloric stenosis
Double buble
Steroid medication main SI in children
Growth retardation
Biphosphonates
class of drugs that prevent the loss of bone density, used to treat osteoporosis and similar diseases.They are called bisphosphonates because they have two phosphonate (PO(OH)
2) groups
Erythema toxicum
is a common rash seen in full-term newborns. It usually appears in the first few days after birth and fades within a week. Up to half of all newborns will have erythema toxicum. Cause unknown. Dd with infection
Infant, hs of ab use, oral white plaque dx? ttt?
Candidiasis
Oral nystatin
Child sleep with milk bottle, most common complication
Dental caries
Epiglottitis symptoms (7)
1.Fever💯.
2.Severe sore throat.
3.Abnormal, high-pitched sound when breathing in (stridor)
4.Difficult and painful swallowing.
5.Drooling.💯
6.Anxious, restless behavior.💯
7.Feeling better when sitting up or leaning forward.
Prevent hemorrhagic dis in newborn give vit
K
How heal clavicle fracture in infant
Usually heal without complication
Enuresis drug
Desmopressin and imipramin
The most common cause of precocious puberty
Idiopathic
Best way decrease infection in neonatal area
Washing hands befor and after examination
How do you treat a spontaneous nosebleed?
sit down and firmly pinch the soft part of your nose, just above your nostrils, for at least 10-15 minutes.
lean forward and breathe through your mouth – this will drain blood into your nose instead of down the back of your throat
Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition. It’s most common in some developing regions where babies and children do not get enough protein or other essential nutrients in their diet. The main sign of kwashiorkor is too much fluid in the body’s tissues, which causes swelling under the skin (oedema).
Low protein, High carbohydrates
DiGeorge synd
DiGeorge syndrome is a condition present from birth that can cause a range of lifelong problems, including heart defects and learning difficulties. The severity of the condition varies. Some children can be severely ill and very occasionally may die from it, but many others may grow up without realising they have it
22q11 deletion
delays in learning to walk or talk and other developmental and learning delays.
hearing and vision problems.
mouth and feeding problems.
short stature.
frequent infections.
bone, spine, or muscle problems.
unusual facial features, including an underdeveloped chin, low-set ears, and wide-set eyes.
Child with bad behavior
Encourage good behavior
Child droped on his head no LOC , oriented, vomited mext invest?
CT
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is a rare genetic immunodeficiency that keeps a child’s immune system from functioning properly. It also makes it difficult for a child’s bone marrow to produce platelets, making a child prone to bleeding. It occurs mostly in males
Description. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is characterized by abnormal immune system function (immune deficiency), eczema (an inflammatory skin disorder characterized by abnormal patches of red, irritated skin), and a reduced ability to form blood clots
Bruton agammaglobulinemia
Bruton agammaglobulinemia, also known as X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) or Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia, is an inherited immunodeficiency disorder. It is characterized by the absence of mature B cells which in turn leads to severe antibody deficiency and recurrent infections.
The diagnosis of XLA can be confirmed by demonstrating the absence of BTK protein in monocytes or platelets or by the detection of a mutation in BTK in DNA. Almost every family has a different mutation in BTK; however, members of the same family usually have the same mutation
Terner synd
Turner syndrome, a condition that affects only females, results when one of the X chromosomes (sex chromosomes) is missing or partially missing. Turner syndrome can cause a variety of medical and developmental problems, including short height, failure of the ovaries to develop and heart defects
General features
a particularly short, wide neck (webbed neck)
a broad chest and widely spaced nipples.
arms that turn out slightly at the elbows.
a low hairline.
teeth problems.
a large number of moles.
small, spoon-shaped nails.
a short 4th finger or toe.
All deciduous teeth fully erupt at age
2-3 yrs
Duchen muscle dystrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness due to the alterations of a protein called dystrophin that helps keep muscle cells intact. DMD is one of four conditions known as dystrophinopathies
It is caused by a genetic mutation on one of the mother’s X chromosomes, and researchers have identified some of the affected genes. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by a genetic problem in producing dystrophin, a protein that protects muscle fibers from breaking down when exposed to enzymes.
It usually starts when a child is between ages 2 and 5. Symptoms of Duchenne muscular dystrophy include: Muscle weakness that begins in the hips, pelvis, and legs. Difficulty standing
The disease is progressive and most affected individuals require a wheelchair by the teenage years. Serious life-threatening complications may ultimately develop including disease of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy) and breathing (respiratory) difficulties.
Strawberry nevus
Strawberry nevus is a fancy name for a red birthmark. This red tinge of skin comes from a collection of blood vessels close to the skin’s
Though it’s called a birthmark, a strawberry nevus doesn’t always appear at birth. The mark can also appear when a child is several weeks old. They’re usually harmless and typically fade by the time a child reaches age 10. If it doesn’t fade, removal options are available to minimize the birthmark’s appearance
Topical medications applied directly on the skin may be used for small, superficial hemangiomas. Prescription creams or ointments containing beta-blockers are the most effective topical treatment option to help stop growth and sometimes shrink and fade hemangiomas
Child drink juice then diarrhea?
Fructosomia
Umbelical granuloma
An umbilical granuloma is a moist, red lump of tissue that can form on a baby’s navel (belly button). It can be seen in the first few weeks of life, after the umbilical cord has dried and fallen off. It’s usually a minor problem that looks worse than it is. An umbilical granuloma does not cause pain
Meconium
Meconium is the earliest stool of a mammalian infant resulting from defecation. Unlike later feces, meconium is composed of materials ingested during the time the infant spends in the uterus: intestinal epithelial cells, lanugo, mucus, amniotic fluid, bile, and water
For the first few days, when babies pass stool, the meconium is passed out of their body. Around day three to five, a baby’s bowel movements turn to yellow, seedy stools
Midgout valvolus
is a condition in which the intestine has become twisted as a result of malrotation during. Malrotation of the intestine occurs when the normal embryologic sequence of bowel development and fixation is interrupted
If midgut volvulus is present, the entire small intestine along with the transverse colon is delivered out of the abdominal incision, where the volvulus can be reduced. Because the volvulus usually twists in a clockwise direction, reduction is accomplished by twisting in a counterclockwise direction
Midgut volvulus is a surgical emergency that can quickly lead to bowel necrosis, sepsis, and death. Prompt diagnosis is therefore crucial for these patients. The treatment of choice is Ladd’s procedure
NRDS
RDS
Newborn respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) happens when a baby’s lungs are not fully developed and cannot provide enough oxygen, causing breathing difficulties. It usually affects premature babies. It’s also known as infant respiratory distress syndrome, hyaline membrane disease or surfactant deficiency lung disease.
If a baby is premature (born before 37 weeks of pregnancy), he or she may not have made enough surfactant yet. When there is not enough surfactant, the tiny alveoli collapse with each breath. As the alveoli collapse, damaged cells collect in the airways. They further affect breathing.
If a premature baby is lacking surfactant, artificial surfactant may be given. Surfactant is delivered using an artificial airway or breathing tube that is inserted into the trachea, or windpipe, either immediately at birth for extremely premature babies, or later once respiratory problems have revealed themselves.
