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Medical > Lung > Flashcards

Lung Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Drugs causing pulmonar fibrosis:

6

A

CYCLOphosphamide

CARmustine

BUSulphan

methoTRUCKsate

aminoDaRON

BLEOmycin

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2
Q

Neurogenic respiratory failure

در خون

A

Hypercapnic

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3
Q

Wich lung condition associate clubbing

A

Bronchiectasis

*chest physiotherapy could help

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4
Q

Decrease inflammation in asthma

A

Montelukast

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5
Q

Most common cause of chronic cough

A

Upper airway caugh syndrome

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6
Q

Massive pneumothorax ttt

A

Chest tube

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7
Q

Genetic of bronchial asthma

A

Contribution from HLA alleles

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8
Q

Salbutamol effect on K

A

Salbutamol reduces serum potassium levels by increasing the shift of extracellular potassium into the intracelluar space.

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9
Q

Possitive PPD test

without any RF

A

15 mm

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10
Q

Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia

A

Streptococccus pneumoniae

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11
Q

What week of gestation alveoli form

A

28 week

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12
Q

Clinical sign associate with pulmonary HTN

A

Stroke

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13
Q

Ethambutol SE

A

Blurred vision, eye pain, red-green color blindness, or any loss of vision (more common with high doses)

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14
Q

Rifampin SE

A

Red urine

با هماچورى اشتباه گرفته مى‌شود

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15
Q

Pyrazinamide SE

A

Gout

پری چشم گاوی

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16
Q

After + PPD next step

A

CXR

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17
Q

Cheyne Stokes breathing?

A

Increased rate and depth of breathing over a prolonged period of time

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18
Q

Lung cancer, low PTH, high Calcium why?

A

PTH-related peptide

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent type of PTHrP-producing lung cancer. Tumor progression is usually rapid in patients with HHM. In the normal state, the serum calcium level is regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and calcitonin.

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19
Q

Bronchiolitis treatment

A

Supportive care and monitoring

20
Q

Common manifestation of pulmonary dis in HIV

A

Pneumonia

21
Q

Reduce production of mucous in COPD and asthma

A

Ipratropium Br

22
Q

Inhale 3 nanogram cotton

A

Trapp in distal airway leading to fibrosis

23
Q

Common cause of bronchiolitis

A

RSV

Respiratory Syncycial Virus

24
Q

Initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis

A

INH, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamid

*isonicotinic acid hydrazide

25
Q

Caugh during exercize ttt?

A

Inhaled salbutamol

26
Q

Most common cause of pulmonary embolism

A

Deep vein thrombosis

27
Q

Non smoker lung cancer,work in electricity generation cause?

A

Radon gas

28
Q

Ventilatorassociated pneumonia cause? (ICU)

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

29
Q

Skin manifestation associated with cystic fibrosis

A

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

30
Q

What breathing pattern is observed after stroke?

A

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

31
Q

Most specic test for tuberculosis?

A

AFB culture

32
Q

What cells give rise to lung adenocarcinoma?

A

Neuroendocrine cells

33
Q

Lung abscess ttt?

A

Clindamycin

34
Q

Streptomycin SE

A

Vertigo

35
Q

Cause of immediate death in burn injery

A

Inhalation injury

36
Q

Gold standard diagnose pulmonary embolism

A

Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the gold standard for pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosis

37
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea symp (10)

A
  1. Excessive daytime sleepiness
  2. Loud snoring
  3. Observed episodes of stopped breathing during sleep
  4. Abrupt awakenings accompanied by gasping or choking
  5. Awakening with a dry mouth or sore throat
  6. Morning headache
  7. Difficulty concentrating during the day
  8. Mood changes, such as depression or irritability
  9. High blood pressure
  10. Decreased libido
38
Q

ARDS

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition where the lungs cannot provide the body’s vital organs with enough oxygen. It’s usually a complication of a serious existing health condition. This means most people are already in hospital by the time they develop ARDS

Sepsis may be the most common cause of ARDS that develops several days or more after severe trauma or burns. Massive traumatic tissue injury may directly precipitate or predispose a patient to ARDS

In ARDS, the injured lung is believed to go through three phases: exudative, proliferative, and fibrotic, but the course of each phase and the overall disease progression is variable

39
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A 
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder that causes severe damage to the lungs, digestive system and other organs in the body. Cystic fibrosis affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat and digestive juices. These secreted fluids are normally thin and slippery
اتوزوم مغلوب
40
Q

Cystic fibrosis dx

A

To diagnose cystic fibrosis, doctors usually perform blood tests. They may test sweat for high salt content, which can indicate cystic fibrosis. If the diagnosis is confirmed, doctors may evaluate the condition with a chest x-ray, chest or abdominal CT or MRI, abdominal ultrasound, or sinus CT
Cholorid sweet test

41
Q

HLM increase in which lung dis?

A

Increases in hemosiderin-laden macrophages (HLM) are reported to be observed in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). According to a recent study, significant correlation between hemosiderin deposition in the lung tissue of IPF and pulmonary hypertension evaluated by echocardiography has been suspected

42
Q

Alarm sign in stridor

A

Cyanosis

43
Q

Bronchial carcinoma

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm of the lung arising from the epithelium of the bronchus or bronchiole. Pathology. Bronchogenic carcinomas begin as a small focus of atypical epithelial cells within the bronchial mucosa

There are four major cell types: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, undifferentiated large cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma

44
Q

Asthema treatment stages

A 
SABA: short acting beta2 agonist
ICS: inhaled corticosteriods
LABA: long acting beta2 agonist
LAMA: long acting anticholinergic
LTRA: leukotrine receptor antigonist
OCS: oral corticosteroids

1: SABA
2: SABA + low dose ICS
3: SABA + low dose ICS + LABA
4: SABA + med high dose ICS + LABA + LTRA
5: SABA + anti igE + anti IL5 + Macrolids

45
Q

Byssinosis

A

Byssinosis is a disease of the lungs. It is caused by breathing in cotton dust or dusts from other vegetable fibers such as flax, hemp, or sisal while at work

The symptoms of byssinosis are similar to asthma and include tightness in the chest, wheezing, and coughing.
…
If you have a severe case, you may experience flu-like symptoms

46
Q

What is an NIV mask?

A

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is the use of breathing support administered through a face mask, nasal mask, or a helmet. Air, usually with added oxygen, is given through the mask under positive pressure; generally the amount of pressure is alternated depending on whether someone is breathing in or out.

47
Q

Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)

A

The rate of oxygen diffusion across the alveoli-capillary membrane in addition to a faster and easier elimination of CO2, assures that capillary PaO2 is almost equal to the alveolar PAO2 and during normal conditions (at sea level) it correspond to 75 to 100 mmHg
💯monitor of asthma in ER

Medical (22 decks)

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