Neuro Flashcards
در میگرن بازیلار ممنوع است
تریپتان
تریپتان از این بازیها نداره
درمان انتخابی میگرن بارداری
استامینوفن
در درمان میگرن بارداری ممنوع (۲مورد)
ارگوتامین
تریپتان
پیشگیری میگرن (۴)
بتابلاکر( پروپرانول)
صد تشنج (توپیرامات/والپورات)
CCA(وراپامیل/فلوفاریزین)
TCA(نروتریپتیلین/آمیترپتیلین)
در کدام سردرد TCAو توپیرامات نمیدهیم
کلاستر
میگرن بچه‌ها
علامت؟
درمان؟
شکمی بی‌اشتهایی سیپروهپتادین
کدام دارو در سه مرحله کلاستر کاربرد دارد (۳)
ارگوتامین
دی‌هیدرو ارگوتامین
متی‌سرژید
به خاطر همین اسمش سفالژی‌هیستامینی هست
درمان حمله‌حاد-پیشگیری سریع‌الاثر- پیشگیری نگهدارنده
کدام دارو فقط مرحله اول کلاستر کاربرد دارد؟
سوماتریپ وان هم مرحله اول میگرن
❌تنشن
مصرف چه چیزی کلاستر را بدتر می‌کند
الکل استر
پیشگیری سریع‌الاثر سردرد کلاستر
پردنیزولون ۱۸-۲۴ روز
ارگوتامین- دی‌هیدروارگوتامین
پیشگیری نگهدارنده کلاستر
وراپامیل CCB
لیتیوم
متی سرژید طولانی‌اثر
ایندومتاسین
کلمن یخ
شایع‌ترین سردرد
تنشن
سردرد تنشن سن بیشتر از ۵۰
باید ESR و imaging
پیشگیری تنشن
مزمن TCA آمیترپتیلین ۵۰-۱۵۰ موقع خواب مهارکنندهNMDA
آپنه خواب و پای بی‌قرار همراهش را هم خوب می‌کند
کدام دارو در سردرد تنشی نمیدهیم
وراپامیل
پروپرانول
والپورات
ارگوتامین
اوپیوییدها
سوماتریپتان
نورالژى تری‌ژرمينال
اپیدمیو؟
خانم ۴۰ ساله مسیر V2 و V3
نورالژی تری‌ژرمینال دو طرفه باشد
رد MS
خط اول درمان نورالژی تری‌ژرمینال
کاربامازپین
نورالژی گلوسوفارنژیال تعریف؟
درد یک طرفه حلق و گلو شدید با خنده و خمیازه تشدید میتواند برادی‌کاردی و سنکوپ بدهد
نورالژی گلوسوفارنژیال درمان
کاربامازپین
سردرد ناشی از افزایش ICP تعريف
منتشر اکسیپوت
تهوع و استفراغ، فلج ۶ ، ادم پاپی
بعد از بیدار شدن بیشتر
با والسالوا (زور زدن، عطسه) بیشتر
- ضایعه فضاگیر دارد
هیپرتنشن ایدیوپاتیک جمجمه IIH
سودوتومورسربری
اپیدیمو
خانم جوان چاق اختلال قاعدگی PCO
سردرد ادم‌پاپی بزرگ شدن نقطه کور
هیپرتنشن ایدیوپاتیک جمجمه IIH
سودوتومورسربری
تشخیص
انجام MRI یا CT » نرمال
فشار ICP کمی بیشتر از ۲۵ سانتی‌متر آب
هیپرتنشن ایدیوپاتیک جمجمه IIH
سودوتومورسربری
علت ایجاد (٤ مورد)
داروها
هایپر ویتامینوز A
کورتون
سایمتیدین
نالیدیکسیک اسید
هیپرتنشن ایدیوپاتیک جمجمه IIH
سودوتومورسربری
درمان
استازولامید، پردنیزولون، LP مکرر، کاهش وزن
مقاوم شانت، سوراخ کردن غلاف اپتیک
Abscence sizure ttt
Petit mal
Ethosuximide
Myasthenia gravis patho
Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies are autoantibodies produced by the immune system that mistakenly target proteins called acetylcholine receptors that are located on skeletal muscle fibres. This test detects and measures AChR antibodies in the blood.
Myasthenia gravis early symp
Drooping of one or both eyelids.
Blurred or double vision.
Difficulty swallowing.
Changes in facial expression.
Impaired speech.
Fatigue.
Difficulty chewing.
Shortness of breath
Hypothenar atrophy
Little finger parasthesis
Cubitak tunnel compression
Witch nerve compression
Ulnar
Myasthenia gravis ttt
Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor ???
parkinson’s symptoms (7)
Parkinson’s signs and symptoms may include:
(1)Tremor. A tremor, or shaking, usually begins in a limb, often your hand or fingers. …
(2)Slowed movement (bradykinesia). …
(3)Rigid muscles. …
(4)Impaired posture and balance. …
(5)Loss of automatic movements. …
(6)Speech changes. …
(7)Writing changes.
Most common cause of subarchnoid hemorrhage
Berry aneurysms
which lobe affected in alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s is characterized by predominant damage to the temporal lobe of the brain, and often the extent of damage extends to other areas
The most common causes of excessive daytime sleepiness are
sleep deprivation, obstructive sleep apnea, and sedating medications. Other potential causes of excessive daytime sleepiness include certain medical and psychiatric conditions and sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy
Pathophysiology of Alzheimer Disease
The beta-amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles lead to loss of synapses and neurons, which results in gross atrophy of the affected areas of the brain, typically starting at the mesial temporal lobe
Neurofibromatosis
Neurofibromatoses are a group of genetic disorders that cause tumors to form on nerve tissue. These tumors can develop anywhere in the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord and nerves. There are three types of neurofibromatosis: neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) and schwannomatosis.
Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder that is typically diagnosed in childhood or early adulthood
There is no known treatment or cure for neurofibromatosis or schwannomatosis. Medication can be prescribed to help with pain. In some cases, growths may be removed surgically or reduced with radiation therapy.
Neurofibromatosis symp
Flat, light brown spots on the skin (cafe au lait spots). …
Freckling in the armpits or groin area. …
Tiny bumps on the iris of the eye (Lisch nodules). …
Soft, pea-sized bumps on or under the skin (neurofibromas). …
Bone deformities. …
Tumor on the optic nerve (optic glioma). …
Learning disabilities.
Meningoencephalitis Symptoms
Meningoencephalitis causes a range of symptoms, depending on the severity of the condition.
Common symptoms include:
Fever
Light sensitivity
Headache
A stiff neck
Confusion
Difficulty thinking clearly
Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t actually there)
Unusual behaviors
Personality changes
Fatigue or sleepiness
Seizures
Focal neural deficit (a problem with nerve function in a specific area of the body)
Unconsciousness
Mild symptoms (such as fever and headache) can be early signs of meningitis. Severe symptoms such as a focal neural deficit, continual sleepiness, and seizures, may indicate meningoencephalitis.
Symptoms in Children and Infants
Just as in adults, the symptoms of meningoencephalitis in children and newborns usually begin like symptoms of the common flu.
Early symptoms in children may include:
Fever
Headaches
Speech problems
Purple rashes (indicative of viral meningoencephalitis)
Disorientation
Later symptoms in children may include:
Vomiting
Drowsiness
Seizures
Behavioral changes
Unconsciousness
In infants, the primary symptoms of herpes simplex type 2, which occurs from transmission at birth usually include:
High fever
Bulging of the forehead
Poor appetite/feeding
Continual sleepiness5
menstrual migraine ttt
Menstrual migraines, also known as hormone headaches, happen right before or during a woman’s period (up to two days before through three days during) and may get worse with movement, light, smells, or sound. Your symptoms may last for a few hours, but they’ll likely last days
Zolmitriptan. The study discussed above for acute menstrual migraine treatment with zolmitriptan represents the first phase of a two-phase, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Temporal arteritis
Giant cell arteritis
Temporal arteritis is a form of vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels). In temporal arteritis, also known as giant cell arteritis or Horton’s arteritis, the temporal arteries (the blood vessels near the temples), which supply blood from the heart to the scalp, are inflamed (swollen) and constricted (narrowed)
Symptoms of temporal arteritis
frequent, severe headaches.
pain and tenderness over the temples.
jaw pain while eating or talking.
vision problems, such as double vision or loss of vision in 1 or both eyes
normocytic normochromic anemia
Normocytic normochromic anemia is the type of anemia in which the circulating red blood cells (RBCs) are the same size (normocytic) and have a normal red color (normochromic). Most of the normochromic, normocytic anemias are a consequence of other diseases; a minority reflects a primary disorder of the blood
Normocytic normochromic anemia most commonly occurs as a result of miscellaneous chronic infections and systemic diseases. Most normocytic anemias appear to be the outcome of the impaired production of RBCs
Other forms of normochromic, normocytic anaemia
Renal failure. Normochromic, normocytic anaemia is a common presenting feature of renal disease. …
Endocrine disease. …
Bone marrow failure. …
Acute blood loss and early iron deficiency. …
Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis.
Hemolytic anemia
is a blood condition that occurs when your red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be replaced. Hemolytic anemia can develop quickly or slowly, and it can be mild or serious
What causes hemolytic anemia? Hemolytic anemia may be caused by inherited conditions that affect the red blood cells. It’s also caused by certain infections or if someone receives a blood transfusion from a donor whose blood type didn’t match
Two common causes of this type of anemia are sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. These conditions produce red blood cells that don’t live as long as normal red blood cells.
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Signs and Symptoms
Chills.
Fast heartbeat, known as tachycardia.
Pale skin that may start to yellow.
Shortness of breath.
Weakness and fatigue.
Chest pain.
Yellow skin or whites of the eyes (jaundice)
Dark urine.
Problem in mandibul which nerve?
Great auricular nerve
Loss of sensation of upper lip which nerve
Infraorbital nerve
Loss of sensation in out 2/3 of tongue
Trigerminal nerve
Sever headache ever
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
MS
Multiple sclerosis is a condition that can affect the brain and spinal cord, causing a wide range of potential symptoms, including problems with vision, arm or leg movement, sensation or balance. It’s a lifelong condition that can sometimes cause serious disability, although it can occasionally be mild.
Its mechanism of action consists on inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, which is a rate limiting step in pyrimidine synthesis. Other actions include suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity and inhibition of interaction between APCs and T cells.
Focal Demylanation
Parotid area pain while eating, responsible nerve
Facial
GBS
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare neurological disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks part of its peripheral nervous system—the network of nerves located outside of the brain and spinal cord.
Pain areas: in the muscles
Muscular: muscle weakness, abnormality walking, problems with coordination, or weakness of the arms and legs,LOWER LIMB FLACCID, AREFLEXIA
Whole body: fatigue or high blood pressure
Heart: abnormal heart rhythm or fast heart rate
Also common: difficulty speaking, difficulty swallowing, facial muscle weakness, shortness of breath, slow reflexes, uncomfortable tingling and burning, urinary retention, or difficulty raising the foot
What causes GBS? Diarrhea or a respiratory illness: About 2 in every 3 people with GBS had diarrhea or a respiratory illness several weeks before developing GBS symptoms. Viral infections: Some people with GBS had the flu or infections with cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, Zika virus, or other viruses.
Can GBS be cured?
There is no known cure for GBS. But treatments can help improve symptoms of GBS and shorten its duration. Given the autoimmune nature of the disease, its acute phase is typically treated with immunotherapy, such as plasma exchange to remove antibodies from the blood or intravenous immunoglobulin
Most people with Guillain-Barré syndrome will recover from most of their symptom within 6 to 12 months. But it can take from several months to several years to fully recovery from the nerve damages caused by Guillain-Barré syndrome.
