Surface Anatomy Flashcards
Which bones lie lateral and inferior to the jugular notch?
Lateral: clavicles
Inferior: sternum
Which vertebral level corresponds to the suprasternal notch?
Why is it lower than T1?
Which rib articulates at the sternal angle?
What vertebral level corresponds to the sternal angle? Why?
To what vertebral level does the xiphosternal joint correspond?
~ T10
The costal cartilages of which ribs contribute to the costal margin?
Ribs 7 - 10
[…] is the dermatome for the umbilicus
T10
Between vertebral levels […] and […] is the site for lumbar punctures and epidural injections.
L4
L5
The nipples overlie which rib or intercostal space?
4th intercostal space
Between ribs 4 and 5
*Except in individuals with pendulous breasts*
Chest tubes (to reinflate a pneumo- or hemothorax) are usually inserted at the intersection of the […] and the […].
anterior or midaxillary line
nipple
The two domes of the diaphragm meet at the […] and peak at the […]. On the right side it peaks just below the […]. On the left it peaks […] cm below the nipple (5th intercostal space).
xiphisternal junction
mid-clavicular line
nipple
2-3
Why would it be difficult to hear individual valves by listening directly over each valve?
The sounds are carried with the blood flowing through the valves and can be heard better “downstream”
Where are the ascultation points for:
- Aortic valve
- Pulmonary valve
- Tricuspid valve
- Mitral valve
- Aortic valve - 2nd intercostal space to the right of the manubrium
- Pulmonary valve - 2nd intercostal space to the left of the manubrium
- Tricuspid valve – just to the left of the xiphoid process in the 5th intercostal space
- Mitral valve - the apex of the heart (5th intercostal space in mid-clavicular line)
The trachea bifurcates at the […]
sternal angle
Why are there different number of secondary bronchi in the left and right lungs?
The left lung has two lobes (and thus, two secondary bronchi) and the right lung has three.
At what verterbal level is the bifurcation of the trachea?
T4/5
The left lung has […] lobes separated by a division called the […].
The right lobe has […] lobes separated by divisions called the […] and the […].
2 (superior and inferior)
oblique fissure
3 (superior, middle, and inferior)
horizontal fissure (superior and middle lobes)
oblique fissure (middle and inferior)
Why does the right lung have more lobes than the left?
The heart sits to the left of midline, and thus takes up more of the left thoracic cavity, leaving less room for the left lung.
For the right lung, the […] lobes are visible from an anterior and lateral view while the […] lobes are visible from a posterior view.
Superior, middle and inferior
Superior and inferior
Why aren’t the kidneys placed symmetrically?
Liver liver liver! It’s so big and located on the right side. It displaces the right kidney more superiorly than the left.
Describe the location of the left and right kidneys relative to the ribs.
How close do the iliac crests come to the tape approximating the costal margin?
Usually <6”
Where does the supra-crestal plane fall relative to the umbilicus?
The supracrestal plane is inferior to the transumbilical plane
If you continue following the iliac crests around posteriorly, what bony landmark do you feel at their termination?
