Overview of Renal System Flashcards
What are the functions of the renal system?
What is the clinical significance of monitoring kidney function?
How do substances “enter” the kidney?
What are the possible ways they can be processed in the kidney (3)?
Describe the ways in which substances can be filtered, secreted, reabsorbed and excreted along the nephron.
What substances can be secreted at the level of the proximal tubule?
What substances can be reabsorbed?
What substances can be reabsorbed at the level of the thin loop of henle?
Water only
What substances can be secreted at the bottom of the loop of henle?
Urea only
What substances can be reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle?
What substances can be secreted at the level of the distal convoluted tubule?
What substances can be reabsorbed?
What substances are secreted at the level of the proximal collecting duct?
What substances are reabsorbed at the level of the distal collecting duct?
- What is renal blood flow?
- How much blood do the kidneys receive in a day?
- What is a normal RBF?
- Volume of blood delivered to kidney per unit time
- 25%
- 1.25 L/min
- Why do you use renal plasma flow to assess kidney function instead of renal blood flow?
- What is the Fick Principle and how does it apply to the kidney?
- How can you calculate the arterial input of a substance to the kidney?
The kidney does not […] substances. What enters the kidney leaves either via the […] or the […].
change, add to, or utilize
renal vein
urine
- What is PAH?
- Why can it be used to measure RPF?
- What equation relates PAH to renal plasma flow?
- Is this technique used in a clinical or research setting?
Used in research setting
- What is clearance?
- What is renal clearance?
- What is the difference between high and low clearance of a substance?
- What is the clearance of albumin and glucose?
- Why can inulin be used to measure clearance?
- Are clearance measurements using inulin done in a clinical or research setting?
- Inulin is a fructose polymer that is delivered via IV that is freely filtered across the glomerulus, but is not reabsorbed along the nephron and it is also not secreted from the plasma anywhere else along the nephron. Therefore, its clearance from the blood reflects purely the rate of filtration at the glomerulus (GFR).
- Research