Anatomy and Histology - Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the major histological difference between the ventricle and atrium?
Ventricular wall thickness >>> atrial wall thickness
Describe the autonomic innervation of the heart.
Sympathetic (superior cervical ganglion - T4)
Parasympathetic (vagus, CN 10)
In the sympathetic NS, […] is the neurotransmitter released onto […] receptors on heart muscle.
NE
Mostly Beta 1 adrenergic, some Beta 2
In the parasympathetic NS, […] is the neurotransmitter released onto […] receptors on heart muscle.
Acetylcholine
Mostly muscarinic type 2, some muscarininc type 3
What are the 3 layers of the heart tissue itself.
Myocardium = cardiac muscle cells
Endocardium = simple squamous epithelium
The […] muscle is the first to contract during ventricular contraction.
Papillary muscle
The mesothelium of the epicardium is what type of epithelium?
Simple squamous
What is one of the most striking differences between veins and arteries?
Smooth muscle layer (tunica media) of arteries is >>>> thicker than veins
- What layer of the heart muscle is this?
- How are the nuclei arranged?
- What is the arrow pointing at?
Intercalated discs are where gap junctions are located. Gap junctions electrically couple the heart cells allowing for coordinated contraction of heart cells
Purkinje fibers are rich in glycogen –> ID on section b/c they’ll appear lighter since glycogen doesn’t stain well
What type of valve is shown in each image?
How can you differentiate between the 2 in section?
Which way does each valve move?
Semilunar valves have no chordae tendinae
AV valve will swing up (in image shown)
Semilunar valve will swing down (in image shown)
What are the 3 layers of tissue within a heart valve?
What is unique about the spongiosa layer of heart valve tissue?
It contains large amounts of proteoglycans and serves as a shock absorber