CVD Epidemiology Flashcards
Describe the trend of incidence and prevalence for CVD in the US.
Incidence is higher, but treatment is better so people are living longer with CVD and thus long term prevalence is incresed
Describe what is shown in this image. Particularly:
- Why mortality for women narrowed in comparison to men since 2000
- What happened in 2000 to reduce female mortality
- What happened in 2013 to cause increase in mortality for both sexes
Absolute mortality (#deaths / thousand ppl)
Narrowing explained by greater improvement in treatment and risk factor evaluation/ identification in females
2000 – public health efforts to reduce risk factors
2013 – increase in trend due to ppl living longer
Of all the causes of death due to CVD, what is the highest contributor to death?
Why does stroke kill more females than males?
- Because women live longer than men, more opportunity to have stroke
- Women treated less aggressively than men
- Differences in response to pharmacotherapy (studies largely done in white men only, unclear how meds work for other groups of people)
What does this graph show?
Incidence MI/fatal CHD higher for men than women
Incidence MI/fatal CHD higher in black men and women compared to white men and women
Women present at later ages compared to males
Both men and women’s incidence increases with age
How is the cardiac anatomy different in males and females?
How is cardiac function different in males vs. females?
What are some differences in cardiac physiology in males vs. females?
How do estrogen and testosterone affect women and men’s risks for developing heart disease?
How do the following vary between men and women:
- HDL
- LDL
- Triglycerides
What are some behavioral, social, environmental, and medical conditions that can be risk factors for CVD?
Purple indicates conditions that females are more at risk for developing
What are some specific risk factors for CVD for females? (3)
If a person has one or more risk factors for CVD, what happens to their risk for developing CVD?
How does weight gain affect a person’s relative risk for CVD?
What are the psychosocial risk factors for developing CVD?
What are some of the ways that there is bias in the research pipeline around studies about CVD?
True or false: Men and women are equally likely to receive interventions to prevent and treat CVD.
False - women are less likely
