Anatomy and Histology - Kidney Flashcards
What is the function of macula densa cells?
Detect salinity
In the medullary ray, how can you distinguish the collecting duct, the proximal straight tubule, and the thick ascending limb?
Distal Convoluted Tubule
- Relative location in kidney
- Shape
- Location of nucleus
- Distinguishing features (2)
- Cortical labyrinth, very scattered
- Small round profile
- Apical
How do the following things affect the number of nephrons in a person’s kidney:
- Premature birth
- Female gender
- Age
- Decreased #
- 12 - 15% fewer nephrons
- Decreasing # with increasing age
The kidney is encased in a lot of […]
Fat
What is the role of the glomerulus compared to that of the rest of the nephron?
What are mesangial cells?
The glomerular capillaries are […] capillaries
Fenestrated
What is nephrin?
What are the major components of the nephron?
In addition to labeling the image, where in the kidney is this taken from?
Medullary ray
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
- Relative # in kidney
- Shape
- Location of nucleus
- Distinguishing features (2)
- Type of epithelium
Type of epithelium = simple cuboidal
Describe the course of filtrate in the kidney, starting at bowman’s capsule.
CORTEX:
- First level of plasma filtrate formed at Bowman’s Capsule
- Proximal convoluted tubule
MEDULLA
- Thin loop of Henle (descending)
- Thick loop of Henle (ascending)
CORTEX
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting duct (proximal)
MEDULLA
- Collecting duct (distal)
- Renal papilla
In addition to labeling this diagram, give a general explanation for the course of urine travel in the kidney.
Urine (filtrate) is made in the collecting ducts, which are in the renal medulla. Many of these ducts drain into the renal papillae, which drain into the minor calyx, which drains into the major calyx, which drains into the ureter.
Why is a surgery to remove a kidney or access a kidney done posteriorly?
Because the kidney is located retroperitoneally - behind the peritoneum. If attempted to locate from an anterior approach, you would have to cut through a lot more muscle and distrub more organs and cut the peritoneum to get to kidneys. From posterior you just cut some back muscles.
The right kidney is […] than the left kidney.
Lower due to liver in upper right quadrant of abdomen
What structures are visible at each of these layers?
The renal arteries come off the […]
Abdominal aorta
Primary cilium are [motile or non-motile] and are found where in the kidney?
Macula Densa
- Location in kidney
- Shape of structure
- Location of nucleus
- Cortical labyrinth, abuts part of glomerulus where afferent and efferent arterioles enter glomerulus
- Linear array of nuclei
- Apical
In addition to labeling the image, where in the kidney is this slice from?
Describe the epithelium in the following locations of the nephron:
- PCT
- Thin loop of henle
- DCT
Describe the pathway of blood through the kidneys
Abdominal aorta –> renal artery –> segmental artery –> interlobar artery –> arcuate artery –> interlobular artery –> afferent arterioles –> glomerular capillaries –> efferent arterioles –> peritubular capillaries and vasa recta –> interlobular vein –> arcuate vein –> interlobar vein –> sevmental vein –> renal vein –> inferior vena cava
In addition to labeling this image, where in the kidney is this slice taken from?
Inner stripe of medulla
Describe the 3 components of the filtration barrier of the glomerulus.
In addition to labeling the image, where in the kidney is this slice taken from?
Outer stripe of medulla
What are the 2 types of cells found in the collecting duct?
What are the 2 kinds of nephron types?
What layer of the kidney is this slice from?
