Supporting cells of the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Ciliated cells lining the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord.

A

Ependymal cells.

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2
Q

What is the role of ependymal cells with regards to CSF?

A

Formation and circulation of CSF.

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3
Q

These cells play a role in directing cell migration during brain development, forming and circulating CSF.

A

Ependymal cells.

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4
Q

Phagocytes that engulf debris and are involved in remodelling of synaptic connections.

A

Microglia.

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5
Q

These cells may migrate into the brain from blood. Also contribute to relationship between immune system and CNS function.

A

Microglia.

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6
Q

Name two types of macroglia found in the CNS.

A
  • Astrocytes.

- Oligodendrocytes.

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7
Q

Name two types of macroglia found in the PNS.

A
  • Schwann cells.

- Capsular cells.

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8
Q

The most numerous cells in the nervous system and highly heterogeneous in morphology.

A

Astrocytes.

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9
Q

The perivascular end-feet of astrocytes are found where and contribute to what?

A

Surrounding the capillaries that form the blood brain barrier.

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10
Q

Subpial end-feet on the surface of the brain and spinal cord are processes of which cell of the nervous system?

A

Astrocytes.

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11
Q

Astrocytes undergo alterations in response to CNS insults making them highly susceptible to what?

A

Neoplasm formation.

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12
Q

Astrocytes control electrolyte balance in the CNS, particularly of which ion?

A

Extracellular K+.

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13
Q

This cell produces the neurotrophins necessary for neuronal survival.

A

Astrocytes.

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14
Q

Responsible for the uptake of several important neurotransmitters e.g. glutamate, GABA.

A

Astrocytes.

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15
Q

Cells supplying Glutamine for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter Glutamate by neurones.

A

Astrocytes.

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16
Q

Cells that regulate the “tightness” of the blood brain barrier.

A

Astrocytes.`

17
Q

The processes of these cells form the myelin sheath that wraps around axons in the CNS in a spiral.

A

Oligodendrocytes.

18
Q

What do oligodendrocytes produce that is important for the repair of damaged CNS axons?

A

Neurotrophic factors e.g. nerve growth factor.

19
Q

Loss of which cell contributes to Multiple Sclerosis and causing multiple neurological symptoms.

A

Oligodendrocytes.

20
Q

Loss of myelin causes failure of what?

A

Saltatory conduction

21
Q

Why does saltatory conduction fail when loss of myelin occurs?

A

There are no voltage-activated sodium channels in the area of axon previously covered by the oligodendrocyte process.

22
Q

Each Schwann cell envelops what?

A

A short segment of one axon in the PNS.

23
Q

What is the gap between each Schwann cell known as?

A

The node of Ranvier.

24
Q

Action potentials jump the node of Ranvier using what type of conduction?

A

Saltatory

25
Q

Schwann cells spiral around an axon to form what?

A

Lamellae

26
Q

What is the outmost lamella of the Schwann cell known as?

A

Neurolemma or sheath of Schwann.

27
Q

To regenerate transected axons these cells proliferate to form a tube into which growth sprouts of the proximal end of the cut axon enter and re-innervate the de-innervated target.

A

Schwann cells.

28
Q

Glial elements that surround the neuronal cell bodies in sensory and autonomic ganglia.

A

Capsular / Satelitte cells.

29
Q

Flattened cells forming an almost complete layer separating ganglion cell bodies of DRG and some cranial nerves from surrounding non-neural connective tissue and vascular structure.

A

Capsular/ Satellite cells.

  • DRG = dorsal root ganglion.
30
Q

Capsular/satelitte cells are thought to have a similar role to which cells of the CNS?

A

Astrocytes.

31
Q

Cells present around the cell bodies of autonomic ganglion as an incomplete layer - particularly in the sympathetic division.

A

Capsular/satellite cells.