Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CNS CLERKSHIP > Auditory Pathway > Flashcards

Auditory Pathway Flashcards

1
Q

What are the auditory ossicles of the middle ear?

A
  • Malleus.
  • Incus.
  • Stapes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The cochlear nerve runs through what to reach the cochlea of the inner ear?

A

Internal acoustic meatus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many turns are in the spiral of the cochlea?

A

2.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The organ of Corti contains what?

A

Inner and outer hair cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the Spiral Ganglion of the Cochlea?

A

A group of bipolar neurons stimulated by hair cells. They carry APs from the Organ of Corti to the cochlear nuclei in the pons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Superior to the cochlear nuclei, input is essentially what?

A

Bilateral.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Structures important in sound localisation and as relays for stapedial and tensor tympani reflexes.

A
  • Superior olivary nucleus.

- Nucleus of lateral lemniscus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tonotopic organisation is present where?

A

The Auditory Cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fibres carrying information regarding low frequency sound end in which part of the auditory cortex?

A

The anterolateral part.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fibres carrying information regarding high frequency sound end in which part of the auditory cortex?

A

The posteromedial part.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What may arise as a result of trauma to Broca’s area?

A
  • Difficulty in producing language (using few words, only saying the most important words in a sentence).
  • However, there is usually no difficulty comprehending language.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the name of the condition arising from damage to Broca’s area?

A

Broca’s/ motor/ expressive aphasia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What may arise as a result of trauma to Wernicke’s area?

A
  • Difficulty comprehending language.
  • Using words out of order.
  • Meaningless words.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the name of the condition arising from damage to Wernicke’s area?

A

Wernicke’s/ sensory/ receptive aphasia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Maintaining equilibrium requires information from what?

A
  • Vision.
  • Proprioception.
  • Vestibular apparatus (labyrinth).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many semi-circular canals in the inner ear?

A

3 in each ear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What nerve is most associated with hearing?

A

Cochlear nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What nerve is most associated with balance?

A

Vestibular nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name 3 areas upon which vestibular information has been found to converge?

A
  • Area of parietal cortex just posterior to the area of the postcentral gyrus that represents the hand and mouth.
  • Area just rostral to the primary auditory cortex.
  • Posterior insular cortex.
20
Q

Due to the lens, objects are projected onto the retina how?

A

Reversed and upside down.

21
Q

Each optic tract, lateral geniculate nucleus, optic radiation and visual cortex deals with visual information from which visual field?

A

The contralateral visual field.

22
Q

Output of the superior colliculi is to?

A
  • Nuclei of CN III, IV and VI.
  • Motor nucleus of VII.
  • Spinal cord.
23
Q

The lower visual field is projected to where?

A

The gyrus superior to the calcarine sulcus.

24
Q

The upper visual field is projected to where?

A

The gyrus inferior to the calcarine sulcus.

25
Q

The macula projects to which pole of the visual cortex?

A

The posterior pole.

26
Q

What is significant about the macula and its relationship with the visual cortex?

A

The macula occupies a much greater proportion of the cortex relative to the size of the visual field it covers.

27
Q

Fibres of the geniculocalcarine tract initially form what?

A

Part of the internal capsule.

28
Q

Fibres of the geniculocalcine tract carrying visual information from the upper half of the visual field loop around what?

A

Anteriorly around the temporal part of the lateral ventricle in MEYER’S LOOP.

29
Q

Where do fibres of the geniculocalcine tract carrying visual information from the upper half of the visual field end after Meyer’s loop?

A

Below the calcarine sulcus.

30
Q

The visual cortex generally provides for eye movements in response to what?

A

Visual stimuli e.g. tracking moving objects.

31
Q

The frontal eye fields control what?

A

“Movements of command” i.e. movements independent of moving visual stimuli.

32
Q

How do tracking movements differ from movements of command?

A
  • Tracking movements tend to be smooth.

- Movements of command tend to be jumpy (Saccadic).

33
Q

What term is given to the jumpy movements generally seen in movements of command of the eye?

A

Saccadic.

34
Q

If a light is shone into the right eye, what is the resultant direct light reflex?

A
  • The right pupil constricts.
35
Q

If a light is shone into the right eye, what is the resultant consensual light reflex?

A

The left pupil constricts.

36
Q

The pretectal fibres of the consensual light reflex project where?

A

Bilaterally to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus.

37
Q

In contrast to the pupillary light reflex, the accommodation reflex requires what?

A

Input to the oculomotor and Edinger-Westphal nucleus from the visual cortex.

38
Q

What is hemianopia?

A

Blindness for half the field of vision in one or both eyes.

39
Q

A term for the same visual field loss in both eyes.

A

Homonymous.

40
Q

A term for opposite visual field loss in both eyes.

A

Heteronymous.

41
Q

The name given to the cerebral hemisphere which “takes the lead” in certain higher functions.

A

Dominant hemisphere.

42
Q

For most truly right-handed people, which hemisphere is usually dominant for language?

A

The left cerebral hemisphere.

43
Q

Association fibres connect to cortical sites located where?

A

In the same cerebral hemisphere.

44
Q

Commissural fibres connect what?

A

One cerebral hemisphere to the other, usually connecting areas with similar function.

45
Q

Projection fibres connect what?

A

Hemispheres to deeper structures e.g. thalamus, corpus striatum, brain stem and spinal cord.

CNS CLERKSHIP (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions