Supplements, Genes (25/26)! Flashcards
Products considered supplements
-vitamins and minerals
-probiotics and prebiotics
-herbal remedies
-homeopathic medicines
-traditional medicines
-amino acids, fatty acids
What regulations are in effect by Health Canada or FDA
-no vigorous testing
-have natural product number (NPN- does not require much effort)
What documents have to be submitted by companies to receive an NPN?
Prove:
-safety
-effective
-high quality
United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Dietary Supplement Verification Program
-voluntary program open to manufacturers
-standards made according to FDA current Good Manufacturing Practices
-sanitary and well controlled procedures
What does USP regulation include?
-ingredients lists
-declared potency and actual amounts
-check for harmful contaminants
-break down time
Potency- Vitamin E, better natural or as supplement?
natural 2x as potent
Potency- Vitamin C, better natural or as supplement?
equal potency
When do you take a multivitamin?
With a meal
When should you take your iron supplement
-with meal or glass of juice
-avoid w/ tea or coffee
-if anemic, not at same time as Ca
When should you take your calcium supplement
-with meal
-divide large doses
-calcium and vitamin D is a good idea in winter (if not multivitamin)
Main organs that are damaged if whey protein usage is abused
-liver, kidney, microbiota, skin
What is whey protein good for?
-improving sport performance
-immunomodulation
-antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties
Creatine
-increases bioavailability of phosphocreatine in muscles
-faster synthesis of ATP
-good for brief, high intensity exercise
How does that body naturally synthesize phosphocreatine?
from amino acids
What population may benefit in particular from a creatine supplement?
vegetarians
Omega 3 supplements help w/?
-heart health
-autoimmune diseases
-depression
-brain development in infancy
Dangers of high doses of omega 3 (fatty acids)
-high blood sugar
-bleeding
-low blood pressure
-diarrhea
-acid reflux
Considerations about herbal substances
-considered natural (healthier/safer)
-lacking well-controlled studies
-many herbs have damaging effects
-many inhibit or strengthen effects of prescription medications
Probiotics
-live microbes
-health benefits when taken in sufficient amounts
Prebiotics
-food for microbes
-confer health benefits
Side effects of probiotics
-unpleasant digestive system symptoms
-allergic reactions
-infection and sepsis
-may interact poorly w/ some medicines
Side effects of prebiotics
-unpleasant digestive system symptoms
-gastroesophageal reflux (large doses)
-irritable bowel syndrome worsened
Common disease resulting from single gene defects
-PKU (phenylketonuria)
-cystic fibrosis
-sick cell anemia
-hemochromatosis
Common diseases resulting from polygenic (multiple) defects
-heart disease
-cancer
-hypertension
-obesity
celiac disease
-autoimmune condition that damages small intestine
-react to gluten (wheat, barley, rye)
-DQ2 or DQ8 version of HLA gene
Classic symptoms of celiac disease
-headache
-fatigue
-abdominal pain and bloating (after consumption)
-weight loss
-diarrhea
-constipation
-foul smelling stools
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
-no biomarkers for diagnosis
-no autoantibodies (TTG< EMA< DGP)
-no villous atrophy
Nutrigenetics
-study of how genes and diet interact to increase/decrease someone’s risk of disease
-gene x environment
