Disordered Eating (11)

Question 1

What are examples of disordered eating?

Answer 1

restricting, purging, steroid use, weight and shape preoccupation, striving for perfection, fasting, yo-yo dieting, excessive exercise, compulsive overeating, laxative abuse

Question 2

Are disordered eating and eating disorders the same thing?

Answer 2

No, eating disorders are defined conditions rather than tendencies

Question 3

What are some individual risk factors for eating disorders?

Answer 3

female gender, genetics, premature birth, low self esteem, perfectionism, previous depression/anxiety, previous obesity, early puberty, diabetes, Crohn’s disease

Question 4

What are some familial risk factors for eating disorders?

Answer 4

History of dieting/eating disorders, depression/anxiety/alcohol dependence, obesity

Question 5

What are some possible triggers for eating disorders?

Answer 5

Puberty, socio-cultural pressures, family factors, pressure to achieve, behavior of peers, comments about weight

Question 6

Three main categories of risk factors for eating disorders

Answer 6

Biological, psychological, social

Question 7

Anorexia

Answer 7

clinical diagnosis: restriction of energy intake leading to significant low body weight (intense fear of gaining weight, disturbances in body image)

Question 8

Reportable symptoms of anorexia

Answer 8

-restricted food intake
-intense exercise
-self induced vomiting
-high anxiety
-“model students” or “ideal children”
-low self esteem, social isolation, happiness

Question 9

Physical consequences of anorexia

Answer 9

-anemia (low blood cell count)
-low bone density
-depression
-amenorrhea (absence of menstruation)
-impaired immune response
-sensitivity to cold
-thick facial hair, thin scalp hair
-low blood pressure
-irregular slow HR

Question 10

Treatment programs for anorexia nervosa

Answer 10

-normalizing behaviors
-nutritional health and body weight
-psychological counselling for self-esteem
-attitude growth
-antidepressant or other medications
-family therapy
-complete success (25-50%)

Question 11

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 11

Clinical diagnosis: recurrent episodes of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior, on average at least once a week for 3 months

Question 12

Binge eating is characterized by;

Answer 12

-eating a definitively larger proportion of food than most in a 2 hour period
-feeling that one cannot stop eating or control their behavior

Question 13

What are some examples of inappropriate compensatory behavior?

Answer 13

-self induced vomiting
-misuse of laxatives or diuretics
-fasting
-excessive exercise

Question 14

Commonality of anorexia

Answer 14

1% young women
<0.1% young men

Question 15

Commonality of bulimia nervosa

Answer 15

1-3% young women
0.5% young men

Question 16

How dies bulimia nervosa typically start?

Answer 16

Voluntary dieting to lose weight, then voluntary control over dieting is lost

Question 17

Explain the concept of cyclic bulimia nervosa

Answer 17

food binges followed by guilt/depression, purging, dieting

Question 18

Common population for bulimia nervosa

Answer 18

-normal or overweight
-common among athletes

Question 19

Treatment for bulimia

Answer 19

-nutrition counselling to break fast:famine cycles
-eating regular meals (scheduled)
-psychological counseling
-antidepressants

Question 20

What is the relapse rate of bulimia?

Answer 20

1/3 within 7 years

Question 21

Identifying binge eating disorder (at least 3 qualifiers)

Answer 21

1. rapid eating
2. eating till uncomfortably full
3. eating large amounts when not physically hungry
4. eating alone (due to embarrassment)
5. feeling disgusted with self/depressed/guilty

…episodes occur at least once a week for three months

Question 22

Typical body type of binge eaters

Answer 22

overweight/obese

Question 23

What is the main difference between binge eating and bulimia?

Answer 23

people with binge eating disorder DO NOT vomit, use laxatives, fast or exercise excessively (NO COMPENSATORY BEHAVIOURS)

Question 24

Frequencies of binge eating disorder in general population?

Answer 24

2-5%, much smaller than obese population

Question 25

Triggers for binge eating disorder

Answer 25

-stress
-depression
-anger
-anxiety
-MC4R gene mutation

Question 26

Binge eating disorder treatment

Answer 26

-record food intake
-note feelings, circumstances and thoughts related to eating events
-implement alternate actions to triggering activities

Question 27

Pica

Answer 27

eating non-food substances (similar to a magpie)

Question 28

Most common substances people with pica will consume

Answer 28

-clay or dirt (geophagia)
-ice cubes (pagophagia)
-charcoal/ash/paper/chalk/cloth/baby powder/coffee grounds/eggshells

Question 29

Most common populations with pica

Answer 29

-children
-pregnant women

Question 30

What other deficiency is linked to an increase in pica

Answer 30

Iron deficiency