Adults, Food Safety (31/32)! Flashcards
Life expectancy
-AVERAGE number of years lived
-women in Canada: 83.8
-men in Canada: 79.3
Life span
-MAXIMUM number of years
-humans = 120 years
Slow effects of age: healthy habits
1) sleep
2) well-balanced meals
3) regular PA
4) no smoking
How did energy restriction (30-50% less) impact the long term health of animals?
-increased lifespan
-fewer age related diseases
-aging genes less active
-less oxidative stress
Physiological changes in aging
1) body composition (increased fat, reduced bone/muscle)
2) immune system (declines w/ age)
3) GI tract (decreased acidity/strength, more constipation)
4) Endocrine (hormones inc/dec)
Tooth loss occurs
-chewing more difficult/painful
-dentures
Sensory loss
-poor eyesight
-taste sensitivity decreases
-smell declines
-lost hearing
…leads to social isolation
Psychological effects
-depression
-loss of appetite and motivation to cook/eat
Economic effects
20% >65 live in poverty
Water requirements
-total body water decreases
-mild fever or hot weather can lead to dehydration
Energy requirements
-decline
-estimated 5% per decade
Protein requirements
-important for immune system and to prevent muscle wasting
Important vitamins
-B12
-vitamin D
-calcium
-iron
cataracts
-thickening of eye lens
-blurred vision
macular degeneration
-deterioration of centre of retina
-blurred/blind sport in center of vision
What may be protective for eye health?
Antioxidants
Osteoarthritis and food recom.
-cushioning cartilage (in joints) breaks down
-prebiotic fibre
Rheumatoid arthritis and food recom.
-disease of immune system
-painful inflammation of joints
-omega 3 and fish oils
Alzheimer’s food recom.
whole grains
Main food safety concerns
-food borne illnesses
-environmental contaminants
-naturally occurring toxicants
-pesticide residues
-food additives
Severe food poisoning symptoms (see doctor)
-vomiting (can’t keep liquids down)
-bloody diarrhea
-dehydration
-fever higher than 102F
-diarrhea for 3+ days
Hepatitis A
-inflammation of liver
-fatigue, nausea, dark urine
-ingest food/water w/ feces of infected person
-commonly contaminated water
Giardia
-parasite
-contaminated water
-diarrhea (explosive/chronic)
-“beaver fever”
Listeriosis
-hot dogs, deli meats, unpasteurized milk, soft cheese (AVOID DURING PREGNANCY)
-gut symptoms and fever
-high death rate in fetus and infants
Salmonella
-raw/uncooked eggs and meat, raw dairy, sprouts, cantaloupe
-gut symptoms
E. coli
-undercooked ground beef, contaminated water
-water/bloody diarrhea, cramps
Food intoxicants: botulism
-canned veggies/meat, honey, oils
-blurred vision, difficulty speaking, paralysis, can be fatal
-anti toxin needed immediately
Food intoxicants: staphylococcal
-“classic picnic food poisoning”
-tuna/potato/macaroni salad, cream filled pastries, meat, poultry
-gut symptoms, fever
-quick onset and recovery
Food safety in the kitchen
1) clean/safe kitchen
2) avoid cross contamination
3) keep hot foods hot
4) keep cold foods cold
Mad cow disease
-caused by prion
-consumption of infected meat
-Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
-leads to death (brain damage)
Mercury contamination
-fungicides, fossil fuel exhaust, chemical plants, large fish
Which fish to avoid when pregnant?
-shark, swordfish, bass, lake trout, walleye, chain pickerel, tile fish, king mackerel
-interferes w/ fetal brain development
Bioaccumulation
-adds up in system over time because not degraded or removed
Additives must be proven:
-effective
-measurable in product
-safe
Intentional additives
-antimicrobial agents
-antioxidants
-color additives
-artificial flavors
-texture and stability
-nutrient additives
Indirect additives
-chemicals/microplastics from microwave packaging (high temps)
-use glass/ceramic
