Food Allergies and Intolerances (17) Flashcards

1
Q

Marker of a food allergy

A

immune system response

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2
Q

Describe the first exposure to an allergen

A

1) antigen presenting cells take up allergen
2) T-cell activate (initiate immune response)
3) B cells produce antibodies (primed to attack)
4) mast cells trigger symptoms (turn on antibodies and release histamine)

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3
Q

Where do anti-bodies tend to attach to?

A

mucous membranes of mouth, gut, lungs, nose, eyes

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4
Q

Forms of food allergen immunotherapy

A

1) oral: slowly increase dosage
2) sublingual: placed under tongue
3) epicutaneous: allergen patch applied to skin

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5
Q

Top 8 foods that cause allergies

A

Nuts, eggs, wheat, milk, peanuts, soy, seafood, fish

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6
Q

Why might the incidence of allergy be higher in children?

A

(6-8%) because some outgrow them

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7
Q

What percentage of the general adult population has a legit allergy?

A

3% (20-30% believe they do)

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8
Q

Common allergy reactions and %’s

A

84%- skin eruptions, rash, hives
52% upset stomach, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea, nausea
32%- respiratory problems (congestion, cough, wheezing, runny nose, asthma)
RARE- anaphylactic shock

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9
Q

What are the main symptoms and contributors of anaphylactic shock

A

-low BP
-respiratory and GI distress
-highest concern (peanuts, then tree nuts)

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10
Q

How might you be diagnosed with a food allergy?

A

1) skin tests
2) blood tests (look for antibodies)
3) medically supervised food challenge (oral ingest - most definitive)

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11
Q

Diagnostic elimination diets

A

-not used in anaphylactic cases
1) elimination (avoidance) phase
2) reintroduction (challenge) phase

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12
Q

Allergy treatments

A

BEST: eliminate food from diet
experimental: increasing tolerance with small doses

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13
Q

Precautions for people with allergies

A

-able to read food labels
-have an EpiPen (epinephrine)

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14
Q

How would you administer a dosage of epinephrine?

A

“Blue to the sky, orange to the thigh”

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15
Q

Why are allergies more common?

A

hygiene increase (no tolerance), obesity (inflammatory state), ill-timed exposure to adolescents, topical ointments that avoid oral exposure

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16
Q

Marker of a food intolerance

A

-Problems with digestive system (not immune), usually from missing enzyme
-predictable symptoms

17
Q

Lactose intolerance

A

-bloating, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, gas
-cause: lactase declines with age, malnutrition, damage from medicine, prolonged diarrhea
-80% (Southeast Asians) 10% (Northern Europeans)

18
Q

Dietary resources for lactose intolerant

A

-don’t need total elimination (1/2 cup okay)
-increase gradual intake
-yogurt and hard cheese are actually better
-lactaid, tablets, or enzyme drops

19
Q

Sulfites

A

-antimicrobial factors (but affect our tissues adversely)

20
Q

MSG (monosodium glutamate)

A

-flavor enhancer
-dizziness, sweating, flushing, rapid heartbeat, ringing in ears

21
Q

What is red wine is blamed for headaches?

A

Histamine

22
Q

What is aged cheese and soy sauce is linked to migraines?

A

Tyramine