Alcohol (14) Flashcards
Why is alcohol considered a food?
It is made from carbohydrates
Why is alcohol considered a drug?
It modifies various bodily functions (low dose = stimulant, high dose = depressant)
Alcohol % in beer
4-6% in 355ml can
Alcohol % in wine
8-14% in over half cup
Alcohol % in distilled liquor
40% in 44ml shot
1 drink is equivalent to…
44mL distilled, 148mL wine, 355mL beer
Standard drinks per day
1 (women)
2 (men)
Moderate consumption may protect from heart disease? T/F
True, men (>45) and women (>55)
Positives of the pigment in red wine (grape juice)
-antioxidant
-inhibit blood clot formation
Moderate consumption may protect against…
1) type 2 diabetes
2) ischemic stroke (blockages… because increases HDL the good cholesterol and takes bad (plaque) out)
Is alcoholism considered a chronic disease?
Yes, and progressive
Heavy drinking
about 5+ a day
Symptoms of alcohol poisoning
-passing out
-semi consciousness
-cold, pale, blue-ish skin
-vomiting while sleeping
-slow/irregular breathing
-seizures
Does alcohol consumption increase cancer risk?
Yes; breast, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, liver, larynx, colorectum
Risks with increased alcohol consumption
high BP, stroke, heart attack, cirrhosis (liver damage), cancers, vitamin/mineral deficiencies, fetal alcohol syndrome, accidents, drownings, violent behavior
Taking risks when drinking may lead to…
1) getting hurt or death
2) sexual risk taking
3) suicide and self-harm
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
-developed in children whose mothers drank during pregnancy
-impaired growth and mental development
-10% distinct facial features (small eyes, thin upper lip)
How many calories/gram are in pure alcohol?
7 cal/g
% of calories from alcohol in general pop vs heavy drinkers
general (3-9%)
heavy drinkers (50%!!!)
Is alcohol stored in the body?
NO, will remain in the body until eliminated (blood/tissue/fat)
Describe alcohol absorption in the body?
Easy, and rapid
What % of alcohol is immediately eliminated?
10% (lungs, sweat, saliva, urine)
Why do women have a lower alcohol tolerance?
1) less alcohol dehydrogenase (less immediately metabolized)
2) women have more body fat and less water (alcohol dispersed in water)
3) lower blood volume
What contributes most to blood alcohol concentrations (BAC)
1) amount of alcohol consumed
2) presence or absence of food
3) rate of alcohol metabolism (liver)
What increase blood alcohol levels rapidly?
-drinking on an empty stomach
-high concentration alcohol (faster absorption)
-carbonated beverages
How do you slow down alcohol absorption?
-eating before/during
-diluting w/ water or fruit juice
What relevance is 0.8%
impaired driving limit
What qualities are associated w/ 0.08-0.10%
impairment in all driving skills, coordination, balance and speech
What qualities are associated w/ 0.13%
severe slurred speech, double vision, dulled reflexes, unsteadiness, dangerously impaired decision making, vomiting
What qualities are associated w/ >0.35%
loss of consciousness, alcohol poisoning, can cause death
How much alcohol can the liver process in an hour?
1 drink, alcohol will circulate until processed
What are the three levels of damage to the liver
1) fatty liver (fat accumulates - reversible)
2) fibrosis (liver cells die and form scar tissue)
3) cirrhosis (chronic, life threatening, least reversible, requires liver transplant)
Why might someone become more talkative, more self-confident, and less socially inhibited when drinking?
Alcohol depresses the behavioral inhibitory centers
Why might someone have trouble seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, tasting, and feeling pain when drinking?
Information processing from senses is slowed
Why do people exhibit bad judgement and unclear thinking when drinking?
Inhibits thought processes
Can you sober up using physical activity or eating
No, only time
Why is it dangerous to combine drugs and alcohol?
-compete for processing (metabolism/detoxification)
-alcohol takes precedence (drug builds up in blood)
-bleeding, liver damage, severe sedation
Why is the combination of energy drinks and alcohol dangerous?
-energy drinks (stimulant) and alcohol (depressant)
-“mask” effects, feel less drunk, but still experiencing impairments
Type 1 alcoholism
> 25 generally environmental and genetic in origin
Type 2 alcoholism
genetic, occurs with early exposure
What effect may drinking at a younger age have?
Greater chances of developing a drinking problem
wine is fermented…
sugar in grapes
beer is fermented…
sugar in malted barley
cider is fermented…
sugar in apples
vodka is fermented…
sugar in potatoes
