Superficial Face Flashcards
Scalp - skin
stratified squamous keritinized epithelium with varying amount of hair follicles
What are the layers of the scalp?
S - skin of scalp C - close, subcutaneous tissue layer A - aponeurotic layer L - loos subaponeurotic layer P - periosteum of the cranium
Scalp - close, subcutaneous layer
subdivided into a fatty, avascular superficial portion
highly vascular deep portion
scalp lacerations involving deep portion tend to bleed profusely
tension on this layer causes wouds to separate, making hemostasis difficult
Scalp - aponeurotic layer
galea aponeurotica
connects frontalis with occiptalis muscle
peel this away is a surgical approach for a lot of things
Scalp - loos subaponeuroitc layer
potential space comprised of loos areolar CT.
infections in this layer may readily spread, via emissary veins to the venous sinuses surrounding the brain
scalp - periosteum
poor osteogenic properties.
can fibrose over, bu bone doesn’t grow back.
see a ‘goose egg’ on skull
could be hematoma, could be csf,
care about infiltrating bone fragments
largest blood vessel to the scalp
superficial temporal artery
depressed skull fractures
hematomas - may be bleeding out of dural venous sinus
may have bone in brain tissue and re want to remove that
if we leave it, it will scar and increase risk of siezures
What types of nerves supply the scalp
Cervical nerves
branches of trigeminal nerve
major nerve of scalp
auriculotemporal nerve V3
Greater occipital nerve companion artery
occipital
lesser occipital nerve companion artery
posterior auricular
auriculotemporal n companion artery
superficial temporal
supra orbital n companion artery
supraorbital
supratrochlear n companion artery
supratrochlear
Venous drainage of the scalp
veins of scalped named for the arteries they run with
drain indirectly into venous sinuses via EMISSARY VEINS
important for spread of scalp infections to brain
What important structures are embedded in the parotid gland
facial nerve
retromandibular vein
external carotid artery
in the parotid gland, what is facial nerve’s relationship to the retromandibular vein
lateral to retromandibular vein
what branch of facial do we find first and use it to find the others
buccal
Innervation of parotid gland
sympathetic - post ganglionic fibers from internal carotid plexus–> caroticotypmanic nerve–>tympanic plexus–>lesser petrosal nerve–>otic ganglion and auriculotemporal nerve before terminating in gland
parasympathetic - inferior salivatory nucleus–> course in glossopharyngeal nerve, tympanic nerve, tympanic plexus, and lesser petrosal nerve–>synapse in otic ganglion–> parotid gland via auriculotemporal nerve.
facial nerve - associated nuclei
descending nucleus of V
solitary nucleus
motor nucleus of VII
superior salivatory nucleus
what nucleus receives GSA information from skin of posterior surface of the auricle
descending nucleus of V
what nucleus recieves SVA taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
solitary nucleus
what nucleus innervates the muscles of facial expression SVE
motor nucleus of VII
what nucleus sends preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to sphenopalatine and submandibular ganglion
superior salivatory nucleus
Facial nerve sensory and motor components
SVA - sensory to taste buds on anterior 2/3 of tongue
SVE - motor to muscles of facial expression
Etiology of Bell’s palsy
may be idiopathic, surgical, traumatic, or due to a tumor of the parotid gland
S/S of Bells palsy
drooping of lower lid (ectropion) piphora (spilling of tears from the eye) drying of cornea --->unable to close lid inability to wink unequal smile drooling from corner of mouth hyperacusis
Bell’s phenomena
try to close eyes, their eye will roll up
Divisions of trigeminal nerve
V1 Ophthalamic
V2 Maxillary
V3 Mandibular
