Cervical and Cranial Nerves Flashcards
inferior root of ansa ccervicalis
C2-C3
Superior root of ansa cervicalis
C1-C2
Ansa cervicalis
loop of nerve fibers from anterior rami of C1-3
fibers of ansa cervicalis travel with XII nerve for a short distance, but are not a functional component of hypoglossal n
Ansa cervicalis has an important relationship with what structure
hypoglossal nerve XII
Can use _____Root of ansa cervicalis to find _______
superior
hypoglossal n
Other than CN XII, ansa cervicalis has a close relationship with what
internal jugular vein
found on anterior surface or embeded in the fascia of the carotid sheath
Phrenic N
anterior to anterior scalene
C3, C4, C5
in the interscalene triangle
SCM and trapezius are innervated by
spinal accessory nerve XI
trap C3-4
SCM C2-3
GSA fibers innervate structures of what embryologic origin?
ectoderm (skin)
GVA fibers innervate structures of what embryologic origin
endodermal
gut
(post 1/3 of tongue to mid-portion of the transverse colon
GSE fibers innervate structures of what embryological origin
myotomic origin (in head and neck= extraocular muscles and intrinsic muscles of the tongue)
GVE fibers innervate
smooth muscle and gland
GSA fibers convey
pain temperature tactile pressure proprioception
GSA primarily conveyed by what nerve
trigeminal
GVA fibers convey
visceral pain (stretch, ischemia) reflexus
sharp, highly localized sensations, think…
GSA
dull, aching, burning, poorly localized sensations think…
GVA
GVE fibers are associated with the _______ fibers coursing in which CN’s?
parasympathetic
III, VII, IX, X
GVE are components of the ______
ANS
autonomic, not sensory
may be parasympathetic or sympathetic
ALL GSA fibers
trigeminal
Sensory nucleus for all sensations from the face
trigeminal sensory complex
trigeminal sensory nuclei
All GVA and SVA (taste)
solitary nucleus (NTS)
sensory nucleus for general sensations from the posterior 1?3 of the tongue to the midportion of the transverse colon
Solitary nucleus or Nucleus tractus solitarius
Clinically if we are concerned with the GVE parasympathetic column, what are we concerned with?
pupils
lacrimal gland
submandibular and sublingual glands
parotid gland
What nucleus and ganglion are concerned with GVE parasympathetic innervation to ciliary mm of the eye and sphincter pupillae
Edinger-Westphal nucleus,
Ciliary ganglion
What nucleus and ganglion (2) are concerned with sending parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal gland and submandibular and sublingual glands?
Superior salivatory nucleus sphenopalatine ganglion (lacrimal) submandibular ganglion (submandibular and sublingual glands)
What nucleus and ganglion are concerned with sending parasympathetics to the partotid gland
Inferior salivatory nucleus and otic ganglion
What nucleus and ganglia are concerned with sending parasympathetics to the larynx, pharynx, thorax, and abdomen?
Dorsal Motor nucleus (X) sending fibers to scattered ganglia (go on to inn various glands and smooth muscles in these regions)
Vagus nerve sends parasympathetics
from neck to thorax (heart and lungs) to abdomen
vagus has a huge territory
innervates ENDODERM
what are the functional components associated with each of the branchial arches that we care about
one nerve
one blood vessel
these functional components are related to embryology, they are a genetic connection. Once these associations are made, they are not broken
Endoderm =
post 1/3 of tong to about 1 inch above the anus.
all the lining stuff
ectoderm =
skin
myotomic =
GSE
What is the nerve associated with branchial arch 1
what are its sensory and motor components
Trigeminal
cheif sensory nerve of the face
mm of mastication (these muscles then are not myotomic, they are branchiomeric)
branchiomeric =
SVE
myotomic muscles vs branchiomeric muscles in the head
myotomic= tongue and extraocular muscles (GSE) branchiomeric= muscles of mastication (?) and muscles of facial expression? muscles of laynx and pharynx (?)
What nerve is associated with branchial arch 2
facial nerve
innervates muscles of facial expression
What nerve is associated with branchial arch 4?
vagus nerve, innervates muscles of the laynx and pharynx
what cranial nerves pass through the jugular foramen
IX, X, XI
Hypoglossal N.
innervates
lesion looks like
All muscles of the tongue, except palatoglossal
lesions result in deviation of the protruded tongue TOWARDS AFFECTED SIDE
nucleus ambiguous concerned with muscles of
the larynx and pharynx
Glossopharyngeal nerve
innervation
lesions look like
SENSORY, sensory part of gag reflex. sensory to post 1/3 of tongue and pharynx too
loss of gag reflex
slight dysphagia
loss of sensation in pharynx and posterior 1/3 of tongue
difficulty swallowing is a big deal because
can lead to aspiration pneumonia
Vagus nerve - important branches
pharyngeal
superior laryngeal (internal and external)
recurrent laryngeal
Vagus Nerve
innervates
lesion looks like
lots of stuff from head to thorax to abdomen
lesions of pharyngeal, and laryngeals
dysphonia, dysphagia, dyspnea, loss of gag or laryngeal cough reflex
motor part of gag reflex
