Histology - Auditory and Vestibular Systems

Question 0

The outer ear contains (2)

Answer 0

pinna (auricle)

external auditory meatus (canal)

Question 1

what are the tree parts of the ear

Answer 1

external ear
middle ear
internal ear

Question 2

another name for auricle is

Answer 2

pinna

Question 3

Middle ear contents (5)

Answer 3

tympanic membrane
malleus
incus
stapes
Eustachian tube

Question 4

inner ear contents (5)

Answer 4

oval window 
semicircular ducts
cochelea
vestibulochoclear N
round window

Question 5

function of the external ear

Answer 5

collect and conduct sound

Question 6

skin of the outer 1/3 of the ear contains________ and ______ glands that produce what

Answer 6

humerous sebaceous and ceruminous glands

produce cerumen “ear wax”

Question 7

The auricle is supplied by what arteries

Answer 7

superficial temporal

posterior auricular

Question 8

Auricular hematoma

Answer 8

caused by trauma –>damages blood supply to auricle–>hematoma
if blood is not drained=> cauliflower ear and/ or risk of infection

Question 9

middle ear function

Answer 9

transfer sound waves in air into flud waves in the inner ear via vibration of the ossicles

Question 10

ossicle attached to the tympanic membrane

Answer 10

malleus

Question 11

ossicle between the malleus and the stapes

Answer 11

incus

Question 12

footplate of this ossicle articuates with the fenestra vesibuli

Answer 12

stapes

Question 13

another name for the oval window

Answer 13

fenestra vestibuli

Question 14

what does the tensor tympani m do

Answer 14

tenses the tympanic membrane to decrease sound produced by chewing

Question 15

what nerve innervates tensor tympani m

Answer 15

V3 of the trigeminal nerve (mandibular)

Question 16

what does the stapedius muscle do

Answer 16

pulls the stapes away from the fenestra vestibuli to protect excess movement of the stapes due to loud sound

Question 17

inn of stapedius muscle

Answer 17

facial n

Question 18

function of eustachian tube

Answer 18

equalize pressure, connects nasopharynx to ear. decreases pressure of inner ear.

Question 19

function of the inner ear

Answer 19

take fulid waves and transmit them into signals sent via the vestibulocochlear nerve to the cortex for hearing and balance

Question 20

two main parts of the inner ear

Answer 20

membranous labrynth

osseous labrynth

Question 21

Membranous labrynth

Answer 21

ducts tubes sacs filled with endolymph

suspended in the osseous labrynth

Question 22

fluid in the membranous labrynth

Answer 22

endolymph

Question 23

Osseous labrynth

Answer 23

bony portion, forms several canals and cavities
surrounds the membranous labrynth
perilymph(?)

Question 24

perilymph is found where

Answer 24

between the walls of the osseous and membranous labrynths

Question 25

contents of the membranous labyrinth (4) involved in balance and hearing

Answer 25

semicircular ducts utricle saccule cochlea

Question 26

semicircular ducts

Answer 26

tubes suspended in the osseous semicircular canal

Question 27

each semicircular duct ends in an

Answer 27

ampulla

Question 28

each ampulla of the semicircular duct contains ______

Answer 28

a receptor organ = crista ampullaris

Question 29

crista ampularis detects

Answer 29

angular acceleration

Question 30

what structure is attached to the end of the semicircular ducts

Answer 30

utricile

Question 31

receptor organ of the utricle

Answer 31

macula utricle

Question 32

macula utricle detects

Answer 32

linear acceleration

Question 33

What is conneced directly to the cochlear duct

Answer 33

saccule

Question 34

the receptor organ of the saccule

Answer 34

macula saccule

Question 35

macula saccule detects

Answer 35

linear accleratino

Question 36

the components in the membranous labrynth specific to the vestibular system

Answer 36

semicircular ducts utricle saccule

Question 37

components in the membranous labyrinth specific to hearing

Answer 37

cochlea

Question 38

crista ampullaris detects

Answer 38

angular acceleration - rotation of the head

Question 39

crista ampullaris - big picture

Answer 39

conains hair cells with sterocilia that detect the movement --> depolarization --> signal sent to brainstem via the vestibular nerve

Question 40

crista ampullaris - how it works

Answer 40

when the head turns, endolymph in the semicircular ducts pushes against the CUPULA --> bends the stereocilia of the hair cells --> the bending stimulates afferent activity through CN8 to the brainstem

Question 41

what is the cupula and its function

Answer 41

???

Question 42

Macula utricle and macula saccule detect what

Answer 42

``` linear accleration (horizontal movement) linear acceleration (vertical movement) ```

Question 43

macula utricle and macula saccule - big pictue

Answer 43

the utricle and saccule contain hair cells topped with otoliths (Ca carbonate crystals) that detect the movement -->depolarization --> signal sent to brainstem via vestibular nerve

Question 44

macula utricle and macula saccule - how it works

Answer 44

the saccule and utricle lie 90degrees to each other --> head moves in any direction--> the sterocilia of the hair cells will bend due to the weight of the otoliths --> the bending stimulates afferent activity through CN8 to the brainstem

Question 45

otoliths are

Answer 45

Ca carbonate crystals

Question 46

endolymphatic duct is a duct formed by the joining of

Answer 46

ducts from the utricle and saccule

Question 47

the endolymphatic duct ends in the ____ space

Answer 47

subdural

Question 48

THe _______ drains the perilymph

Answer 48

perilymphatic duct

Question 49

the perilymphatic duct extends through the ______ and ends in the ______ space. Why do we care

Answer 49

dura subarachnoid can be a possible cause of meningitis

Question 50

most common cause of the symptoms of vertigo

Answer 50

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Question 51

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is charachterised by

Answer 51

breif recurrent episodes of vertigo triggered by change in head position with respect to gravity

Question 52

what is the cause of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Answer 52

debris floating in the endolymph of one or more of the semicircular canals

Question 53

how do you diagnose bppv?

Answer 53

Dix-Halpike maneuver

Question 54

Scala vestibuli aka

Answer 54

vestibular duct

Question 55

scala vestibuli is located inside the _____, filled with ____ and extends from ______ to ______

Answer 55

cochlea perilymph oval window the helicotrema

Question 56

scala tympani aka

Answer 56

tympanic duct

Question 57

scala tympan is located in side the _____, filled with _______ and extends from _____ to ________

Answer 57

cochlea perilymph helicotrema to round window

Question 58

Vestibular membrane separates what

Answer 58

the vestibular duct from the cochlear duct

Question 59

the basilar membrane separates what

Answer 59

the cochlear duct from the tympanic duct

Question 60

The helicotrema is where? It is a connection point for what

Answer 60

at the apex of the cochlea | connection point for the vestibular and tympanic ducts

Question 61

The cochlear duct is located____, filled with _____ and houses ____

Answer 61

inside the cochlea, endolymph organ of corti

Question 62

The organ of corti contains _____. it is composed of _____

Answer 62

the cochlear nerve | hair cells

Question 63

what is the purpose of the hair cells in the organ of corti

Answer 63

detect movement --> stimulate depolarization --> sends signal to brain via cochlear nerve--> sound

Question 64

The purpose of the vestibular and tympanic ducts

Answer 64

to conduct sound vibrations in the air into fluid sound waves that are transmitted to the organ of corti inside the cochlear duct.

Question 65

how we hear sound

Answer 65

1. sound waves in air hit external ear 2. they go to tympanic membrane, cause ossicles in middle ear to vibrate 3. vibration of ossicles (stapes) transmits movement to oval window of inner ear 4. stapes hitting oval window causes movement of fluid within the inner ear 5. fluid waves move up and down from the oval window to the round window (via the vestibular and tympanic ducts) 6. movement of the fluid waves causes bibration of the basilar membrand and hence the organ of corti inside the cochlear duct to move 7. movement of the hair cells inside the organ of corti trigger depolarization 8. depolarization allows signals to be sent to the brain via the cochlear nerve 9. interpretation of sound

Question 66

why is otitis external more common in children

Answer 66

their external auditory meatus is more horizontal

Question 67

Otitis externa

Answer 67

pain with manipulation of ear | aka swimmers ear

Question 68

otitis external infection caused by

Answer 68

pseuomonas aeruginosa or staph aureus

Question 69

otitis media | infection caused by

Answer 69

bulging tympanic membrane, erythema, middle ear effusion strep pneumoniae haemophilus influenza morexella catarrhalis

Question 70

Meniere's Disease and triad of Sx's

Answer 70

excessive endolymphatic fluid within the inner ear | intermittant vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss

Question 71

Vestibular neuritis

Answer 71

inflammation of vestibular nerve spontaneously begins and spontaneously resolves - lasts about 2wks nausea, vomitting, vertigo without hearing loss or tinnitus

Question 72

tinnitus

Answer 72

?????