Superficial Anterior Muscles of the Body

Question 1

Frontalis (Head/neck muscles)

Answer 1

Origin
• Cranial aponeurosis
Insertion
• Skin of eyebrows
Primary action(s)
• Raises eyebrows

Question 2

Orbicularis oculi (Head/neck muscles)

Answer 2

Origin
• Frontal bone and maxilla
Insertion
• Tissue around eyes
Primary action(s)
• Blinks and closes eye

Question 3

Orbicularis oris (Head/neck muscles)

Answer 3

Origin
• Mandible and maxilla
Insertion
• Skin and muscle around mouth
Primary action(s)
• Closes and protrudes lips

Question 4

Temporalis (Head/neck muscles)

Answer 4

Origin
• Temporal bone
Insertion
• Mandible
Primary action(s)
• Closes jaw

Question 5

Zygomaticus (Head/neck muscles)

Answer 5

Origin
• Zygomatic bone
Insertion
• Skin and muscle at corner of lips
Primary action(s)
• Raises corner of mouth

Question 6

Masseter (Head/neck muscles)

Answer 6

Origin
• Temporal bone
Insertion
• Mandible
Primary action(s)
• Closes jaw

Question 7

Buccinator (Head/neck muscles)

Answer 7

Origin
• Maxilla and mandible near molars
Insertion
• Orbicularis oris
Primary action(s)
• Compresses cheek (as in sucking); holds food between teeth during chewing

Question 8

Sternocleidomastoid (Head/neck muscles)

Answer 8

Origin
• Sternum and clavicle
Insertion
• Temporal bone (mastoid process)
Primary action(s)
• Flexes neck; laterally rotates head

Question 9

Platysma (Head/neck muscles)

Answer 9

Origin
• Connective tissue covering of superior chest muscles
Insertion
• Tissue around mouth
Primary action(s)
• Tenses skin of neck (as in shaving)

Question 10

Pectoralis major (Trunk muscles)

Answer 10

Origin
• Sternum, clavicle, and first to sixth ribs
Insertion
• Proximal humerus
Primary action(s)
• Adducts and flexes humerus

Question 11

Rectus abdominis (Trunk muscles)

Answer 11

Origin
• Pubis
Insertion
• Sternum and fifth to seventh ribs 
Primary action(s)
• Flexes vertebral column

Question 12

External oblique (Trunk muscles)

Answer 12

Origin
• Lower eight ribs
Insertion
• Iliac crest
Primary action(s)
• Flexes and rotates vertebral column

Question 13

Biceps brachii (Arm/shoulder muscles)

Answer 13

Origin
• Scapula of shoulder girdle
Insertion
• Proximal radius
Primary action(s)
• Flexes elbow and supinates forearm

Question 14

Brachialis (Arm/shoulder muscles)

Answer 14

Origin
• Distal humerus
Insertion
• Proximal ulna
Primary action(s)
• Flexes elbow

Question 15

Deltoid (Arm/shoulder muscles)

Answer 15

Origin
• (See Table 4)
Insertion
• N/A
Primary action(s)
• Abducts arm

Question 16

Iliopsoas (Hip/thigh/leg muscles)

Answer 16

Origin
• Ilium and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion
• Femur (lesser trochanter)
Primary action(s)
• Flexes hip

Question 17

Adductor muscles (Hip/thigh/leg muscles)

Answer 17

Origin
• Pelvis
Insertion
• Proximal faemur
Primary action(s)
• Adduct and medially rotate thigh

Question 18

Sartorius (Hip/thigh/leg muscles)

Answer 18

Origin
• Ilium
Insertion
• Proximal tibia
Primary action(s)
• Flexes thigh on hip

Question 19

Quadriceps group (vastus medialis, intermedius, and lateralis; and the rectus femoris) (Hip/thigh/leg muscles)

Answer 19

Origin
• Vasti: femur
• Rectus femoris: pelvis
Insertion
• Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
• Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Primary action(s)
• All extend knee; rectus femoris also flexes hip on thigh

Question 20

Tibialis anterior (Hip/thigh/leg muscles)

Answer 20

Origin
• Proximal tibia
Insertion
• First cuneiform (tarsal) and first metatarsal of foot
Primary action(s)
• Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Question 21

Extensor digitorum longus (Hip/thigh/leg muscles)

Answer 21

Origin
• Proximal tibia and fibula
Insertion
• Distal toes 2–5
Primary action(s)
• Extends toes

Question 22

Fibularis muscles (Hip/thigh/leg muscles)

Answer 22

Origin
• Fibula
Insertion
• Metatarsals of foot
Primary action(s)
• Plantar flex and evert foot