Lecture Exam 5: Ch. 13, 14, 15, and 16 Flashcards
Ovulation occurs in response to the release of an anterior pituitary hormone known as ________ hormone.
Luteinizing
The enzyme responsible for converting milk protein in an infant’s stomach to a substance that looks like sour milk is ________.
Rennin
An erection results from blood filling the spongy erectile tissues of the penis.
True
Trace the pathway of sperm through the duct system during ejaculation.
Epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
Which portion of the sperm houses the nucleus and its DNA?
Head
The external genitalia of a female are also known as the ________.
Vulva
Pepsin is necessary for the stomach to break down ________.
Proteins
Which of the following cells could be fertilized?
Secondary oocyte
Urine moves down the ureters into the urinary bladder due to gravitational pull alone.
False
Arterial blood pH above 7.45 is considered to be ________.
Alkalosis
The process of creating female gametes is called ________.
Oogenesis
Inspiration results when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax.
False
Which blood vessel directly feeds the glomerulus with blood from the cortical radiate artery?
Afferent arteriole
From fertilization to week 8 of pregnancy, the conceptus is called ________.
Embryo
Which tissue forms the C-shaped rings that reinforce the trachea?
Hyaline cartilage
Urine has a specific gravity closest to 1.001 when excessive fluids are consumed.
True
The most important trigger for aldosterone release is the renin-angiotensin mechanism, mediated by the juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus of the renal tubules.
True
What is one of the main functions of the small intestine?
Absorption of nutrients
Which tissue forms the epiglottis?
Elastic cartilage
Hyperventilation leads to all of the following EXCEPT ________.
Buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood
The helmet-like region of the sperm that is similar to a large lysosome and assists penetration of the egg is called the ________.
Acrosome
Which of the following is the exocrine function of the testes?
Sperm production
Which of the following cells undergoes meiosis to produce four sperm?
Primary spermatocyte
Tubular secretion moves items from the blood of the peritubular capillaries to the filtrate for elimination in the urine.
True
What is the first digestive process, which involves placing food in the mouth, to occur?
Ingestion
What results from spermiogenesis?
Four sperm
Which of these foods would be the most mineral-rich?
Milk
The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a tidal expiration is around 1200 mL.
True
The opening between the vocal cords is known as the epiglottis.
False
Venous blood in systemic circulation is poorer in oxygen and richer in carbon dioxide.
True
The small intestine extends from the ________.
Pyloric sphincter (valve) to the ileocecal valve
What sweeps contaminated mucus from the nasal cavity to the throat?
Cilia
Which hormone is primarily produced by the corpus luteum?
Progesterone
Which part of the larynx produces sounds when air passes by?
Vocal folds (true vocal cords)
The gonads, or primary sex organs, produce sex cells, also known as ________.
Gametes
Each kidney has a medial indentation known as the renal hilum, and an adrenal gland sits atop each kidney.
True
Laughing and crying similarly involve inspiration followed by a release of air in a number of short expirations.
True
The process of eliminating indigestible residues from the GI tract is called ________.
Defecation
Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are considered ________.
Major nutrients
What is the enlarged tip of the penis called?
Glans penis
The lack of adequate surfactant can result in ________.
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)
What region is the terminal part of the stomach?
Pylorus
Most reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron.
True
What is the fatty, rounded area overlying the pubic symphysis of a female?
Mons pubis
One primary spermatocyte completes two meiotic divisions to produce four sperm.
True
Why is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) important early in pregnancy?
Prods the corpus luteum to continue producing hormones
Filtrate contains everything in blood plasma EXCEPT for ________.
Blood proteins
Days 15-28 of the uterine (menstrual) cycle are known as ________.
The secretory phase
The function of the C-rings of hyaline cartilage in the trachea is to keep the airway patent or open for breathing.
True
Substances intended for tubular reabsorption travel from the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule next to the ________.
Peritubular capillaries
The respiratory zone is the only site of gas exchange within the lungs.
True
Which process streamlines spermatids into sperm?
Spermiogenesis
The pharynogotympanic tubes, which drain the middle ear, open into the ________.
Nasopharynx
What does the enterogastric reflex accomplish?
Slows the emptying of the stomach contents
Which condition prevents pancreatic juices from reaching the small intestine to break down fats and fat-soluble vitamins?
Cystic fibrosis
What is the process by which the acrosome membranes of sperm break down and release enzymes that digest holes in the surrounding oocyte membrane?
The acrosomal reaction
Parturition is another term for ________.
Childbirth
What is the purpose of mastication?
To chew, grind and tear food into smaller pieces while in the mouth
On average, what percentage of the adult female’s body is made of water?
50%
The anterior portion of the palate that is supported by bone is called the ________.
Hard palate
Which tonsils sit at the base of the tongue?
Lingual
What accounts for the majority of cases of lung cancer?
Adenocarcinoma
Which set of salivary glands are situated anterior to the ear?
Parotid glands
Which sphincter operates under voluntary control?
External anal sphincter
What anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth and limits its movements?
Lingual frenulum
What effect does follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) have on males?
FSH stimulates sperm production in males
The two intrinsic nerve plexuses serving the alimentary canal are the ________.
Submucosa; myenteric
What is the most common cause for lung cancer?
Smoking
An embryo is known as a fetus by the ________ week of pregnancy.
Ninth
The Heimlich maneuver is a procedure in which air in a person’s own lungs is used to eject an obstructing piece of food.
True
Where does fertilization usually occur?
Uterine (fallopian) tubes
What hormone(s) stimulates the growth of the endometrium during the proliferative phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle?
Estrogens
The bronchioles are the smallest of the conducting passageways in the lungs.
True
Which glands produce a thick, yellowish secretion which nourishes and activates sperm?
Seminal vesicles
What are the fingerlike projections of the small intestine that increase the absorptive surface area?
Villi
During oogenesis, an oogonium directly gives rise to ________.
Primary oocyte
The mammary glands are modified ________.
Sweat glands
Eighty-year old Mary urinates small amounts of urine quite often, likely due to bladder shrinkage and loss of bladder tone. What age-related condition does she have?
Frequency
A diet rich in proteins such as eggs, cheese, and whole-wheat products produces urine with an alkaline pH.
False
The fluid stored inside cells is referred to as extracellular fluid (ECF).
False
What is NOT a true statement concerning the vagina?
The innermost lining of the vagina sloughs off periodically.
Which organ is responsible for drying out indigestible food residue through water absorption and the elimination of feces?
Large intestine
Which layer of the uterus is constructed of smooth muscle?
Myometrium
Where are androgens, such as testosterone, produced?
Interstitial cells of the testis
When antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present at the collecting ducts of the kidneys, less water is reabsorbed and diuresis increases.
False
The anterior chisel-shaped teeth that are adapted for cutting are called ________.
Incisors
Which layer of the uterus serves as the site of implantation?
Endometrium
Which gland surrounds the upper portion of the urethra just below the junction with the urinary bladder?
Prostate
What organ stores bile when food digestion is not occurring?
Gallbladder
What tube connects each kidney to the urinary bladder?
Ureter
What part of the respiratory system routes air and food into their proper channels and plays a role in speech?
Larynx
What organs release secretions into the duodenum of the small intestine?
Liver, gallbladder and pancreas
Hyperpnea results from exercise when breathing becomes deeper and more vigorous.
True
Paranasal sinuses warm, cleanse, and humidify air entering the nasal cavity.
False
Oxygen is unloaded from the blood stream and diffuses into surrounding cells and tissues during ________.
Internal respiration
As venous blood is drained from the kidney, identify the path it follows.
Cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein
Why is the trigone of the urinary bladder clinically important?
Infections tend to persist in the trigone.
The urethra, which carries urine exiting the urinary bladder by peristalsis, is typically shorter in females than in males.
True
Oxygen is transported in the blood as ________.
Oxyhemoglobin
What fluid-filled sac surrounds the fetus?
Amnion
