Ch.13: The Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the organs of the respiratory system?
- Nose
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Lungs—alveoli
Gas exchanges between the blood and external environment occur only in the _____ of the lungs.
Alveoli
Upper respiratory tract includes passageways from the _____ to _____.
- Nose
* Larynx
Lower respiratory tract includes passageways from _____ to _____.
- Trachea
- Alveoli
- Passageways to the lungs purify, humidify, and warm the incoming air
What is the only externally visible part of the respiratory system?
- Nose
- Nostrils (nares) are the route through which air enters the nose
- Nasal cavity is the interior of the nose
- Nasal septum divides the nasal cavity
Concept Link 1
Recall that any area open to the outside of the body, including respiratory passages, is lined with mucous membrane (mucosa), which is a “wet,” or moist, membrane (Chapter 4, p.110).
Olfactory receptors are located in the _____ on the superior surface.
• Mucosa
• The rest of the cavity is lined with respiratory mucosa, which
*Moistens air
*Traps incoming foreign particles
*Enzymes in the mucus destroy bacteria chemically
Conchae are projections from the:
- Lateral walls
- Increase surface area
- Increase air turbulence within the nasal cavity
- Increased trapping of inhaled particles
The palate separates the _____ cavity from the _____ cavity.
- Nasal
- Oral
- Hard palate is anterior and supported by bone
- Soft palate is posterior and unsupported
What are paranasal sinuses?
Cavities within the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones surrounding the nasal cavity
What are the function of sinuses?
- Lighten the skull
- Act as resonance chambers for speech
- Produce mucus
What is the pharynx commonly called?
The throat
What is the pharynx?
Muscular passageway from nasal cavity to larynx
• Continuous with the posterior nasal aperture
What are the three regions of the pharynx?
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
What is the nasopharynx?
Superior region behind nasal cavity
What is the oropharynx?
Middle region behind mouth
What is the laryngopharynx?
Inferior region attached to larynx
_____ and _____ serve as common passageway for air and food.
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
- Epiglottis routes food into the posterior tube, the esophagus
Pharyngotympanic tubes open into the:
- Nasopharynx
* Drain the middle ear
Tonsils are clusters of _____ that play a role in protecting the body from _____.
- Lymphatic tissue
* Infection
Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid), a single tonsil, is located in the:
Nasopharynx
Palatine tonsils (2) are located in the _____ at the end of the soft palate.
Oropharynx
Lingual tonsils (2) are found at the base of the:
Tongue
What is the larynx commonly called?
The voice box
What are the functions of the larynx?
- Routes air and food into proper channels
* Plays a role in speech
Where is the larynx located?
Inferior to the pharynx
The larynx is made of eight:
- Rigid hyaline cartilages
* Thyroid cartilage (Adam’s apple) is the largest
What is the epiglottis and what is its function?
- Spoon-shaped flap of elastic cartilage
- Protects the superior opening of the larynx
- Routes food to the posteriorly situated esophagus and routes air toward the trachea
- During swallowing, the epiglottis rises and forms a lid over the opening of the larynx
What is the function of vocal folds (true vocal cords)?
- Vibrate with expelled air
* Allow us to speak
What does the glottis include?
- Vocal cords
* Opening between the vocal cords
What is the trachea commonly called?
Windpipe
What is the trachea?
- 4-inch-long tube that connects to the larynx
* Walls are reinforced with C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage, which keep the trachea patent (open)
The main bronchi are formed by:
- Division of the trachea
* Bronchi subdivide into smaller and smaller branches
Each bronchus enters the lung at the:
Hilum (medial depression)
Right bronchus is _____, _____, and _____ than the left.
- Wider
- Shorter
- Straighter
The lungs occupy the entire _____ cavity except for the central _____.
- Thoracic
- Mediastinum
- Base rests on the diaphragm
Apex of each lung is near the:
• Clavicle (superior portion)
How is each lung is divided into lobes by fissures?
- Left lung—two lobes
* Right lung—three lobes
_____ covers the outer surface of the lungs.
- Serosa
- Pulmonary (visceral) pleura covers the lung surface
- Parietal pleura lines the walls of the thoracic cavity
_____ fills the area between layers of the lungs.
- Pleural fluid
- Allows the lungs to glide over the thorax
- Decreases friction during breathing
_____ fills the area between layers of the lungs.
- Pleural fluid
- Allows the lungs to glide over the thorax
- Decreases friction during breathing
What is the bronchial tree?
- Main bronchi subdivide into smaller and smaller branches
- Bronchial (respiratory) tree is the network of branching passageways
- All but the smallest passageways have reinforcing cartilage in the walls
- Conduits to and from the respiratory zone
- Bronchioles (smallest conducting passageways)