Lecture Exam 2: Ch. 4, 5, and 6

Question 1

What skin disorder is recognized using the ABCDE rule?

Answer 1

Melanoma

Question 2

The white, cheesy-looking substance that is produced by the sebaceous glands and protects a baby’s skin while it is floating in its water-filled sac inside the mother is called ________.

Answer 2

Vernix caseosa

Question 3

Which of the following are pigments that contribute to skin color?

Answer 3

Melanin; carotene; hemoglobin

Question 4

The outermost layer of the epidermis is keratinized and known as stratum ________.

Answer 4

Corneum

Question 5

Cardiac and skeletal muscle both possess striations.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

The sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are classified as ________ glands because they release secretions to the skin’s surface via ducts.

Answer 6

Exocrine

Question 7

The majority of the cells in the epidermis are keratinocytes.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

When an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the capillaries of the skin will dilate so that blood will flush into skin capillary beds and heat will radiate.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

A skeletal muscle twitch differs from a tetanic contraction in that ________.

Answer 9

The muscle twitch is a brief and “jerky” movement, while the tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous

Question 10

One neuron and all the skeletal muscles it stimulates is known as a ________.

Answer 10

Motor unit

Question 11

Muscles will hypertrophy if they are not used continually.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

The arrector pili muscle contracts and pulls hairs upright when we are cold or frightened.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

A sarcomere is ________.

Answer 13

The contractile unit between two Z discs

Question 14

The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell is called the ________.

Answer 14

Sarcolemma

Question 15

Jason injured his hamstring muscle group during football practice. He will be unable to perform ________.

Answer 15

Thigh extension and knee flexion

Question 16

Which of the following is a skin cancer that accounts for 80% of all skin cancer cases and affects the cells of stratum basale?

Answer 16

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 17

he hyoid bone is unique because it ________.

Answer 17

Is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone

Question 18

Mothers who breast-feed their children will lose a percentage of calcium from their bones. Which hormone is responsible for raising blood calcium levels when they drop below homeostatic levels?

Answer 18

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 19

Smooth muscles stabilize joints of the skeleton.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Two basic types of bone tissue are compact bone and smooth bone.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

The sarcoplasmic reticulum wraps like a sleeve around the myofibril and stores and releases calcium.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Which membrane is constructed of a visceral and parietal layer?

Answer 22

Serous

Question 23

A neuromuscular junction consists of one neuron and all the skeletal muscles it stimulates.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

During skeletal muscle contraction, to what do myosin heads bind?

Answer 24

Actin filaments

Question 25

Which of the following is a vital function of the skin?

Answer 25

The skin converts modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin D

Question 26

The arrangement of lamellae around central (Haversian) canals forms osteons (Haversian systems).

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin?

Answer 27

Vitamin D

Question 28

Which term does NOT describe smooth muscle cells?

Answer 28

Skeletal

Question 29

What is the unstoppable electrical current that travels down the length of the entire surface of a sarcolemma?

Answer 29

Action potential

Question 30

Plane, hinge, and pivot joints are examples of ________.

Answer 30

Synovial joints

Question 31

Both serous fluid and synovial fluid serve as lubricants in their respective locations.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Jan got her microscope slides mixed up in lab as they were unlabeled. The slide with abundant adipose tissue should be labeled as the ________.

Answer 32

Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

Question 33

Which of the following is a type isometric exercise in which muscles increase in size and strength?

Answer 33

Lifting weights

Question 34

The two main layers of skin are ________.

Answer 34

Epidermis and dermis

Question 35

The epidermis is made mostly of dense (fibrous) connective tissue.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Which of these events must occur first to trigger the skeletal muscle to generate an action potential and contract?

Answer 36

Acetylcholine (ACh) binds to receptors on the sarcolemma and allows passage of sodium ions into the cell

Question 37

The ________ membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints.

Answer 37

Synovial

Question 38

What does collagen provide as a component of bone?

Answer 38

Flexibility

Question 39

The condition of skeletal muscle fatigue can be best explained by ________.

Answer 39

The inability of the muscle to contract even if it is being stimulated

Question 40

What enzyme breaks down acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline to prevent continued contraction of the muscle fiber?

Answer 40

Acetylcholinesterase

Question 41

The neurotransmitter used by the nervous system to activate skeletal muscle cells is acetylcholine.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Osteoporosis is a bone-thinning disease that often affects young women.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

The mechanical force of contraction is generated by ________.

Answer 43

A sliding of thin filaments past thick filaments

Question 44

Which of the following is an example of an isometric contraction?

Answer 44

Pushing against an immovable wall

Question 45

Broken bones do not bleed since bone tissue is avascular.

Answer 45

False

Question 46

Striated involuntary muscle tissue found in the heart is ________.

Answer 46

Cardiac muscle

Question 47

Which of the following abnormal skin colors results from liver disorders?

Answer 47

Jaundice

Question 48

All muscles have at least two attachments: the origin and the insertion.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

The intervertebral discs that cushion the spine and absorb shock are composed of fibrocartilage.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________, whereas articulations permitting no movement are called ________.

Answer 50

Amphiarthroses; synarthroses

Question 51

Synovial membrane occurs in pairs with a parietal and visceral layer.

Answer 51

False

Question 52

The pleura and pericardium are examples of ________ membranes that cover organs in a body cavity closed to the exterior.

Answer 52

Serous

Question 53

According to the sliding filament theory, how does muscle contraction occur?

Answer 53

Myosin heads form cross bridges and pull thin filaments, causing them to slide.

Question 54

What must rush into a muscle cell to promote its depolarization?

Answer 54

Sodium ions

Question 55

Fingerprints and footprints in the epidermis are created by dermal papillae present in the ________.

Answer 55

Papillary layer of the dermis

Question 56

From superior to inferior, what is the correct order of the vertebrae?

Answer 56

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar

Question 57

Which bones are commonly referred to as the cheekbones?

Answer 57

Zygomatic bones

Question 58

Collagen and elastic fibers are common in the epidermis of the skin.

Answer 58

False

Question 59

Which movement is opposite to abduction?

Answer 59

Adduction

Question 60

A newborn baby has an S-shaped spinal curvature known as a primary curvature.

Answer 60

False

Question 61

The process of bone formation is known as ________.

Answer 61

Ossification

Question 62

When James shaves his face, which portion of the hair is removed?

Answer 62

Hair shaft

Question 63

A motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates are termed a ________.

Answer 63

Motor unit

Question 64

Apocrine glands are associated with hair follicles in the armpit and genital regions.

Answer 64

True

Question 65

A nurse tends to a patient with a sunburn. Upon examination, she sees blisters and red skin. What type of burn does the patient most likely have?

Answer 65

Second-degree burn

Question 66

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that ________.

Answer 66

Bone length is increasing

Question 67

Which one of the following is composed mostly of the protein myosin?

Answer 67

Thick filaments

Question 68

Muscle tissue has the ability to shorten when adequately stimulated, a characteristic known as ________.

Answer 68

Contractility

Question 69

Where are mucous membranes found?

Answer 69

Lining of the inside of the stomach

Question 70

What creates the alternating light and dark bands that provides the striation pattern on skeletal muscle tissue?

Answer 70

A bands and I bands

Question 71

The formation of cross bridges requires both calcium ions and ATP.

Answer 71

True

Question 72

Diarthroses have a greater degree of mobility and flexibility than synarthroses.

Answer 72

True

Question 73

What is covered by the endomysium?

Answer 73

An individual muscle cell

Question 74

Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are cutaneous glands associated with the skin.

Answer 74

True

Question 75

Small canals that connect osteocytes in their lacunae to the central canal are known as ________.

Answer 75

Canaliculi

Question 76

Which of the following is a lubricant that keeps skin soft and moist and also contains chemicals that kill bacteria?

Answer 76

Sebum

Question 77

In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to ________.

Answer 77

Store adipose tissue

Question 78

Supination and pronation refer to up and down movements of the foot at the ankle.

Answer 78

False

Question 79

While doing "jumping jacks" during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from the midline of your body. This motion is called ________.

Answer 79

Abduction

Question 80

The epidermis is composed of ________.

Answer 80

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 81

The skeletal system is divided into two parts: the axial skeleton, the bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body, and the appendicular skeleton, the bones of the limbs and girdles that attach them to the skeleton.

Answer 81

True

Question 82

Skeletal muscle, as a whole, can generate different amounts of force, and different degrees of shortening, in response to stimuli. What is this concept called?

Answer 82

Graded response

Question 83

Creatine phosphate (CP) functions within the muscle cells by ________.

Answer 83

Storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP as needed

Question 84

Muscles that perform opposite actions to one another are termed ________.

Answer 84

Antagonists

Question 85

The elbow is classified as a ________.

Answer 85

Hinge joint

Question 86

An inherited disease that causes muscles to degenerate and atrophy is known as ________.

Answer 86

Muscular dystrophy

Question 87

There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae.

Answer 87

True

Question 88

When a muscle fiber contracts, the I bands nearly disappear, the H zones disappear, and the A bands move closer together but do not change in length.

Answer 88

True

Question 89

People who produce a lot of melanin have a skin tone that is ________.

Answer 89

Brown

Question 90

What organelle wraps and surrounds the myofibril and stores calcium?

Answer 90

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 91

Abduction and adduction are antagonistic actions.

Answer 91

True

Question 92

The gap between the axon terminal of a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell is called the ________.

Answer 92

Synaptic cleft

Question 93

What type of burn only involves injury to the superficial epidermis?

Answer 93

First

Question 94

What is acetylcholine?

Answer 94

A neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle to contract

Question 95

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from cells of the stratum spinosum.

Answer 95

True

Question 96

What is released by axon terminals into the synaptic cleft to stimulate a muscle to contract?

Answer 96

Acetylcholine

Question 97

The heads of the myosin myofilaments are called ________ when they link the thick and thin filaments together during skeletal muscle contraction.

Answer 97

Cross bridges

Question 98

Which of the following letters in the ABCDE rule for recognizing melanomas is incorrect?

Answer 98

D stands for diagnosis

Question 99

Contractions in which muscles shorten and produce movement are known as ________.

Answer 99

Isotonic contractions

Question 100

A smooth, sustained contraction, with no evidence of relaxation, is called ________.

Answer 100

Fused, or complete, tetanus