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Anatomy and Physiology > Lecture Exam 1: Ch. 1, 2, and 3 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 1: Ch. 1, 2, and 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________

A

Tight junctions

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2
Q

What characteristic is shared by both cardiac and smooth muscle tissue?

A

Involuntary contractions

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3
Q

The body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as ________

A

Homeostasis

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4
Q

Which of the following may be used in PET scans as biological tracers that can be followed through the body?

A

Radioisotopes

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5
Q

The spinal cavity is part of the ventral body cavity

A

False

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6
Q

The pH scale is based on the number of ________ in solution.

A

Protons

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7
Q

Which type of connective tissue is avascular?

A

Cartilages

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8
Q

Bone is best described as ________

A

Osseous tissue

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9
Q

What separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid?

A

Plasma membrane

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10
Q

The ________ system rids the body of indigestible food residue in feces while the ________ system removes nitrogen-containing metabolic waste in urine

A

Digestive; urinary

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11
Q

The two major body cavities are ________ and ________

A

Ventral; dorsal

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12
Q

Which of the following represents the chemical level of structure in the human body?

A

Atoms

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13
Q

Enzymes are examples of ________ proteins

A

Globular (functional)

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14
Q

The phospholipid tails are ________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water

A

Hydrophobic

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15
Q

The major organs of the cardiovascular system are the ________

A

Heart and blood vessels

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16
Q

The number of protons always equals the ________ in a neutral atom

A

Number of electrons

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17
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

DNA provides instructions for building every protein in the body

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18
Q

Osmosis takes place when water goes from an area of low water concentration to an area of high water concentration

A

False

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19
Q

A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. If the cell is moved to a 6% dextrose solution, then predict what will happen to the cell

A

The cell will shrink

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20
Q

Nerve impulses involve the flow of an electrical current, a type of energy known as ________ energy

A

Electrical

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21
Q

Muscle tissue is located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

A

False

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22
Q

The muscular system consists of the ________

A

Skeletal muscles

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23
Q

A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is ________ to the cell

A

Hypotonic

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24
Q

What is the atomic number of the atom in Figure 2.2?

A

6

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25
Q

Which type of tissue is most likely to repair itself if injured?

A

Epithelial tissue

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26
Q

Unsaturated fatty acid chains contain one or more ________ bonds between carbon atoms

A

Double

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27
Q

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons during chemical bonding are known as isotopes

A

False

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28
Q

Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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29
Q

The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are the ________

A

Electrons

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30
Q

Milk production during breastfeeding is increased by the suckling of a newborn from his mother’s nipple. This type of feedback mechanism best describes ________

A

Positive feedback

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31
Q

Which region is medial?

A

Epigastric

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32
Q

________ tissue is commonly called fat

A

Adipose

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33
Q

Identify the type of connective tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow

A

Reticular connective tissue

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34
Q

Blood pH falls in a narrow range between ________

A

7.35 to 7.45

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35
Q

The regional term pedal refers to the foot

A

True

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36
Q

Which of the following is NOT a subatomic particle associated with an atom?

A

Ion

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37
Q

What are two types of endocytosis?

A

Phagocytosis and pinocytosis

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38
Q

Which region is associated with the lower limb?

A

Popliteal

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39
Q

Which type of section could be used to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Transverse

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40
Q

The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is ________

A

Smooth muscle

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41
Q

A nucleotide of DNA contain three components: ________, ________, and ________

A

Deoxyribose; a phosphate group; nitrogen-containing base

42
Q

What is required for osmosis to occur?

A

Aquaporins

43
Q

Cells are the building blocks of all matter

A

False

44
Q

There is no physical structure that separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity

A

True

45
Q

Which of the following activities represents a physiological study?

A

Observing how the heart contracts to pump blood

46
Q

The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ________

A

Osmosis

47
Q

Diffusion occurs when molecules move against their concentration gradients

A

False

48
Q

Tissues are made up of different types of organs

A

False

49
Q

________ refers to all of the chemical reactions in the body

A

Metabolism

50
Q

Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction?

A

Increased temperature

51
Q

Four quadrants and nine regions further subdivide the ________ body cavity

A

Abdominopelvic

52
Q

The hypogastric (pubic) region is directly superior to the umbilical region

A

False

53
Q

Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured ________

A

Dense connective tissue

54
Q

The type of tissue that functions to protect, support, and bind together body tissues are classified as ________

A

Connective tissues

55
Q

When we imagine a person exhibiting anatomical position, the palms of the hands are assumed to be facing ________

A

Forward

56
Q

Matter is best described as ________

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

57
Q

The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called ________

A

Connective tissue

58
Q

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________

A

Endocrine

59
Q

Phospholipids have a hydrophobic region (the “head”) and a hydrophilic region (fatty acid chains, or nonpolar “tails”)

A

False

60
Q

What is required for diffusion to occur?

A

Concentration gradient

61
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the mouth, and the lining of the esophagus

A

True

62
Q

When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees?

A

Distal

63
Q

Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans)?

A

Anterior and ventral

64
Q

An acid is a molecule that releases (donates) ________

A

Protons (hydrogen ions)

65
Q

What is required for filtration to occur?

A

Pressure gradient

66
Q

The net effect of the effector is to shut off the original ________, or reduce its intensity, during the negative feedback mechanism to restore homeostasis

A

Stimulus

67
Q

Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called ________

A

Polysaccharides

68
Q

The presence of chondrocytes indicates that a tissue is ________

A

Cartilage

69
Q

Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs?

A

Transitional epithelium

70
Q

Which regions of the abdominopelvic cavity house the lower ribs?

A

Right and left hypochondriac regions

71
Q

Edna tore a ligament in the patellar region and anticipates having difficulty with her ________

A

Knee

72
Q

During a synthesis reaction, amino acids join to form ________

A

Proteins

73
Q

Active processes, such as solute pumping, use ATP

A

True

74
Q

Which polysaccharide is formed of linked glucose molecules and stored in animal tissues?

A

Glycogen

75
Q

The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier

A

True

76
Q

Which set of regions in the abdominopelvic cavity is medial?

A

Epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric (pubic) regions

77
Q

What are the three basic parts or regions of a cell?

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane

78
Q

Ribosomes are found attached to smooth endoplasmic reticulum or freely in the cytoplasm

A

False

79
Q

By what endocytosis process do some white blood cells engulf bacteria?

A

Phagocytosis

80
Q

What accounts for 60 to 80 percent of the body’s weight?

A

Water

81
Q

Irritability and conductivity are the two major functional characteristics of ________

A

Nervous tissue

82
Q

An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass number is ________

A

14

83
Q

The lower the pH, the greater the number of hydrogen ions released by a chemical into solution

A

True

84
Q

In anatomical position, a person is assumed to be standing erect

A

True

85
Q

Glucose and fructose are classified as disaccharides

A

False

86
Q

Phospholipid tails are hydrophilic and are attracted to water

A

False

87
Q

A molecule with the sequence of AUCGUCA should be categorized as ________

A

RNA

88
Q

The number of protons in an atom equals the atomic number for that element

A

True

89
Q

Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile?

A

Flagella

90
Q

Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins

A

True

91
Q

The abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities are subdivisions of the ________ cavity

A

Ventral

92
Q

Due to the cast placed on her broken leg, Kinsley’s muscles have decreased in size. Which term best describes how her muscles have been affected?

A

Atrophy

93
Q

The sural region is ________ to the crural region

A

Posterior

94
Q

When our body temperature rises above 37°C or 98°F, a negative feedback mechanism will be triggered to lower the body temperature. As a result, our sweat glands release sweat to cool the body temperature. What part of the negative feedback mechanism is the sweat gland?

A

Effector

95
Q

Responsiveness, or irritability, is the major responsibility of the skeletal system

A

False

96
Q

Survival needs include nutrients, oxygen, water, and appropriate temperature and atmospheric pressure

A

True

97
Q

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm

A

True

98
Q

The complementary base to adenine in a molecule of DNA is ________

A

Thymine

99
Q

Which directional term best describes the location of the human nose?

A

Anterior

100
Q

Tendons and ligaments are classified as ________

A

Dense connective (fibrous) tissue

Anatomy and Physiology (61 decks)

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