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Anatomy and Physiology > Lecture Exam 1: Ch. 1, 2, and 3 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 1: Ch. 1, 2, and 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________

A

Tight junctions

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2
Q

What characteristic is shared by both cardiac and smooth muscle tissue?

A

Involuntary contractions

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3
Q

The body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as ________

A

Homeostasis

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4
Q

Which of the following may be used in PET scans as biological tracers that can be followed through the body?

A

Radioisotopes

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5
Q

The spinal cavity is part of the ventral body cavity

A

False

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6
Q

The pH scale is based on the number of ________ in solution.

A

Protons

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7
Q

Which type of connective tissue is avascular?

A

Cartilages

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8
Q

Bone is best described as ________

A

Osseous tissue

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9
Q

What separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid?

A

Plasma membrane

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10
Q

The ________ system rids the body of indigestible food residue in feces while the ________ system removes nitrogen-containing metabolic waste in urine

A

Digestive; urinary

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11
Q

The two major body cavities are ________ and ________

A

Ventral; dorsal

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12
Q

Which of the following represents the chemical level of structure in the human body?

A

Atoms

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13
Q

Enzymes are examples of ________ proteins

A

Globular (functional)

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14
Q

The phospholipid tails are ________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water

A

Hydrophobic

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15
Q

The major organs of the cardiovascular system are the ________

A

Heart and blood vessels

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16
Q

The number of protons always equals the ________ in a neutral atom

A

Number of electrons

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17
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

DNA provides instructions for building every protein in the body

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18
Q

Osmosis takes place when water goes from an area of low water concentration to an area of high water concentration

A

False

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19
Q

A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. If the cell is moved to a 6% dextrose solution, then predict what will happen to the cell

A

The cell will shrink

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20
Q

Nerve impulses involve the flow of an electrical current, a type of energy known as ________ energy

A

Electrical

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21
Q

Muscle tissue is located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

A

False

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22
Q

The muscular system consists of the ________

A

Skeletal muscles

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23
Q

A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is ________ to the cell

A

Hypotonic

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24
Q

What is the atomic number of the atom in Figure 2.2?

A

6

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25
Which type of tissue is most likely to repair itself if injured?
Epithelial tissue
26
Unsaturated fatty acid chains contain one or more ________ bonds between carbon atoms
Double
27
Atoms that have lost or gained electrons during chemical bonding are known as isotopes
False
28
Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells?
Stratified squamous epithelium
29
The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are the ________
Electrons
30
Milk production during breastfeeding is increased by the suckling of a newborn from his mother's nipple. This type of feedback mechanism best describes ________
Positive feedback
31
Which region is medial?
Epigastric
32
________ tissue is commonly called fat
Adipose
33
Identify the type of connective tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow
Reticular connective tissue
34
Blood pH falls in a narrow range between ________
7.35 to 7.45
35
The regional term pedal refers to the foot
True
36
Which of the following is NOT a subatomic particle associated with an atom?
Ion
37
What are two types of endocytosis?
Phagocytosis and pinocytosis
38
Which region is associated with the lower limb?
Popliteal
39
Which type of section could be used to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?
Transverse
40
The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is ________
Smooth muscle
41
A nucleotide of DNA contain three components: ________, ________, and ________
Deoxyribose; a phosphate group; nitrogen-containing base
42
What is required for osmosis to occur?
Aquaporins
43
Cells are the building blocks of all matter
False
44
There is no physical structure that separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity
True
45
Which of the following activities represents a physiological study?
Observing how the heart contracts to pump blood
46
The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ________
Osmosis
47
Diffusion occurs when molecules move against their concentration gradients
False
48
Tissues are made up of different types of organs
False
49
________ refers to all of the chemical reactions in the body
Metabolism
50
Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction?
Increased temperature
51
Four quadrants and nine regions further subdivide the ________ body cavity
Abdominopelvic
52
The hypogastric (pubic) region is directly superior to the umbilical region
False
53
Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured ________
Dense connective tissue
54
The type of tissue that functions to protect, support, and bind together body tissues are classified as ________
Connective tissues
55
When we imagine a person exhibiting anatomical position, the palms of the hands are assumed to be facing ________
Forward
56
Matter is best described as ________
Anything that occupies space and has mass
57
The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called ________
Connective tissue
58
Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________
Endocrine
59
Phospholipids have a hydrophobic region (the "head") and a hydrophilic region (fatty acid chains, or nonpolar "tails")
False
60
What is required for diffusion to occur?
Concentration gradient
61
Stratified squamous epithelium forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the mouth, and the lining of the esophagus
True
62
When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees?
Distal
63
Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans)?
Anterior and ventral
64
An acid is a molecule that releases (donates) ________
Protons (hydrogen ions)
65
What is required for filtration to occur?
Pressure gradient
66
The net effect of the effector is to shut off the original ________, or reduce its intensity, during the negative feedback mechanism to restore homeostasis
Stimulus
67
Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called ________
Polysaccharides
68
The presence of chondrocytes indicates that a tissue is ________
Cartilage
69
Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs?
Transitional epithelium
70
Which regions of the abdominopelvic cavity house the lower ribs?
Right and left hypochondriac regions
71
Edna tore a ligament in the patellar region and anticipates having difficulty with her ________
Knee
72
During a synthesis reaction, amino acids join to form ________
Proteins
73
Active processes, such as solute pumping, use ATP
True
74
Which polysaccharide is formed of linked glucose molecules and stored in animal tissues?
Glycogen
75
The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier
True
76
Which set of regions in the abdominopelvic cavity is medial?
Epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric (pubic) regions
77
What are the three basic parts or regions of a cell?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane
78
Ribosomes are found attached to smooth endoplasmic reticulum or freely in the cytoplasm
False
79
By what endocytosis process do some white blood cells engulf bacteria?
Phagocytosis
80
What accounts for 60 to 80 percent of the body's weight?
Water
81
Irritability and conductivity are the two major functional characteristics of ________
Nervous tissue
82
An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass number is ________
14
83
The lower the pH, the greater the number of hydrogen ions released by a chemical into solution
True
84
In anatomical position, a person is assumed to be standing erect
True
85
Glucose and fructose are classified as disaccharides
False
86
Phospholipid tails are hydrophilic and are attracted to water
False
87
A molecule with the sequence of AUCGUCA should be categorized as ________
RNA
88
The number of protons in an atom equals the atomic number for that element
True
89
Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile?
Flagella
90
Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins
True
91
The abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities are subdivisions of the ________ cavity
Ventral
92
Due to the cast placed on her broken leg, Kinsley's muscles have decreased in size. Which term best describes how her muscles have been affected?
Atrophy
93
The sural region is ________ to the crural region
Posterior
94
When our body temperature rises above 37°C or 98°F, a negative feedback mechanism will be triggered to lower the body temperature. As a result, our sweat glands release sweat to cool the body temperature. What part of the negative feedback mechanism is the sweat gland?
Effector
95
Responsiveness, or irritability, is the major responsibility of the skeletal system
False
96
Survival needs include nutrients, oxygen, water, and appropriate temperature and atmospheric pressure
True
97
The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm
True
98
The complementary base to adenine in a molecule of DNA is ________
Thymine
99
Which directional term best describes the location of the human nose?
Anterior
100
Tendons and ligaments are classified as ________
Dense connective (fibrous) tissue

Anatomy and Physiology (61 decks)

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