Lecture Exam 4: Ch. 10, 11, and 12 Flashcards
What is blood serum?
Blood plasma minus the clotting proteins
What are the tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles?
Chordae tendineae
What is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heart beat?
Stroke volume (SV)
Arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue due to the oxygenation of the blood being transported by each type of vessel. The exceptions to this rule are the ________ arteries and veins.
Pulmonary
What is the best graft to have so as to avoid rejection of a transplanted tissue?
An autograft
The nonspecific defense by which complement proteins attach to sugars or proteins on the surface of foreign cells is called complement fixation.
True
Which of these blood types carries no antigens?
Blood type O
The average functional lifespan of an RBC is ________.
100-120 days
The vessel that carries oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the ________.
Umbilical vein
Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are the four most common indicators of ________.
Acute inflammation
Which type of leukocyte kills parasitic worms by deluging them with digestive enzymes?
Eosinophil
The innate (nonspecific) defense system and adaptive (specific) defense system make up the immune system.
True
What is the flow of blood through a capillary bed called?
Microcirculation
The role of the ________ is to trap and remove bacteria or other foreign pathogens entering the throat.
Tonsils
Pulmonary arteries transport ________.
Blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs
The primary job of erythrocytes is to transport oxygen.
True
Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
What is necessary for the transport of oxygen by an erythrocyte?
Hemoglobin
What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of blood vessels?
Vasoconstriction
Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left arm?
Aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery
Which of the following is NOT a major branch of the coronary arteries?
Coronary sinus
Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?
Sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
Which portion of the antibody’s structure determines the antibody’s class?
Constant region
What are troublesome small molecules or incomplete antigens that may mount an attack that is harmful rather than protective called?
Haptens
Which of the following is NOT one of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)?
Lymph nodes
Which wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node?
P
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) present fragments of cells so they can be recognized by ________.
Macrophages
What hormone controls the rate of erythrocyte production?
Erythropoietin
What does fever accomplish?
Fever inhibits bacterial reproduction and speeds the repair process.
What stem cell gives rise to all formed elements?
Hemocytoblast
Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge the B cells and thus provide ________.
Passive immunity
Erythrocytes ________.
Lack a nucleus and most organelles
The heart sounds, “lub” and “dup,” occur when the atria contract and subsequently when the ventricles contract.
False
The length of the cardiac cycle is normally ________ second(s) in length.
0.8
Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________.
Lungs
The tricuspid valve is located between the ________.
Right atrium and right ventricle
What type of T cell releases cytokines to indirectly rid the body of antigens?
Helper T cells
The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is ________.
Arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins
What mediates the adaptive defense system (specific defense system)?
Lymphocytes
Both platelets and erythrocytes are anucleate.
True