Substance Use Basics Reverse Flashcards
Marijuana
What is the most commonly used illicit drug?
National Survey on Drug Use and Health
What is NSDUH?
- 18-25
- 26+
- 12-17
What age group has the highest percentage of substance use disorder?
Progressing from experimental and social use to dependency and addiction.
What is the process of addiction?
AESAC
1. Abstinence
2. Experimental
3. Social
4. Abuse
5. Chemical Dependency
What are the stages of addiction?
Patterns of symptoms resulting from use of a substance which the individual continues to take, despite experiencing problems.
What is a substance use disorder?
- Psychosis
- bipolar
- depressive/anxiety disorders
- OCD
- Sleep disorders
- sexual dysfunctions
- delirium
- neurocognitive disorders
What is a substance-induced disorder?
Amount, control, time, and cravings, importance, social, obligations, harm, risk, tolerance, withdrawal
What are the 11 substance use disorder criteria on the DSM-5?
Mild = 2-3 symptoms
Moderate = 4-5 symptoms
6+ = severe symptoms
What are the DSM-5 substance use severity criteria?
5-10 years
How many years on average does it take to progress to dependency?
The process of initiating and maintaining abstinence from alcohol or other drug use.
What is recovery?
Using diagnostic instruments and processes to determine an individual’s needs and problems.
What is assessment?
Ensures an individual receives the type of treatment corresponding with his or her personality, background, mental condition, and the extent and duration of substance abuse determined by the assessment.
What is patient-treatment matching?
Range of services needed in addition to alcohol and drug treatment.
What are comprehensive services?
Assesses individual triggers that rekindle the need for drugs.
What is relapse prevention?
The accountability of treatment programs to maintain integrity, results, etc. Treatment programs need to be evaluated.
What is accountability?
- Comprehensive assessment
- Patient-treatment matching.
- Comprehensive services.
- Relapse prevention
- Accountability
What are 5 critical components of treatment?
Sedative hypnotics (benzos, barbiturates, and sleep aids, alcohol, and opioids.
Increases GABA which inhibits or slows brain activity.
What are CNS depressants?
Amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, and caffeine.
increases CNS activity by releasing catecholamines from the adrenal glands.
What are stimulants?
Hormones like epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
What are catecholamines?
LSD, mushrooms, MDMA (ecstasy), ketamine, and synthetic cannabinoids like K2.
Affect parasympathetic nervous system and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
Hallucinogens
Stimulates cannabinoid receptors that produce THC and CBD chemical compounds.
Cannabis
Gases, aerosols, volatile solvents, nitrites (inhalants that work as vasodilators).
Suppress the action of the CNS.
Inhalants
Anabolic steroids.
Activate androgen receptors and increase calcium levels.
Performance Enhancing Drugs
- Alcohol
- Caffeine
- Canabis
- Hallucinogens
- Inhalants
- Opioids
- Sedatives
- Hypnotics
- Stimulants
- Tobacco
10 Categories of Substances Within the DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria
Brain disease characterized by uncontrollable desire to consume increased quantities of psychoactive substances.
Dependency
Causes individual to require and increased amount of substance to attain the desired effect.
Tolerance
- Behavioral tolerance (someone feels even more functional when intoxicated)
- Dispositional/metabolic tolerance (metabolism accelerates)
- Cross-tolerance (same pharmaceutical family)
- Pharmacodynamic tolerance (brain becomes desensitized)
- Reverse tolerance (ex. liver damage)
- Select tolerance (some effects experienced, others not.)
Forms of Tolerance
- Initial symptoms (few hours to 24 hours)
- Intensification of symptoms like body aches, sleep disturbances, depression)
- Post acute (sharp peak then decline in symptoms, weeks to months)
- PAWS - months to years (memory, mood swings, cravings, etc.)
4 Stages of Withdrawal
- Screening, assessment, and evaluation
- Stabilization
- Treatment Engagement
3 Steps of Detox Management
Duration of time it takes for half of a substance to be eliminated from the body.
Half-life
Process through which a substance is eliminated from the body (primarily in the liver.)
Metabolism
- oral
- inhaled
- intravenous
- intramuscular
- subcutaneous (beneath skin)
- nasal
- sublingual (under tongue)
- transdermal (absorbed into skin)
Routes of drug administration
- injection
- snorting
- substances placed in mucous membrane
What is the fastest method of administering drugs?
Oral
What is the slowest method of administering drugs?
Cause a dopamine release, synthetic psychoactive substance like meth.
Schedule 2.
Made with over the counter allergy meds.
Amphetamines
