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LADC > Alcohol > Flashcards

Alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

What type of drug is alcohol?

A

A CNS nervous system depressant.

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2
Q

What is the most abused drug in our society?

A

Alcohol

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3
Q

True or false: alcohol is the only nonmedical drug taken only by mouth.

A

True

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4
Q

What percentage of the drinking population are dependent on alcohol?

A

10%, 15 million Americans.

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5
Q

True or false: alcohol is the only drug that contains calories.

A

True.

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6
Q

Beer

A

Contains 3-6% alcohol by volume with regular beer containing approximately 4% alcohol.

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7
Q

Wine

A

Table wines contain from 10 to 14% alcohol. Fortified wine contains up to 21%.

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8
Q

Distilled spirits

A

Generally ranges from 40-50% alcohol, or 80 to 100 proof.

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9
Q

Alcohol intoxication is dependent upon what?

A

The amount of ethyl alcohol consumed, not the number of drinks consumed.

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10
Q

Alcohol use

A

The consumption of beverage alcohol within some socially prescribed or ritualistic context.

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11
Q

Alcohol misuse

A

Unintentional or inappropriate use of beverage alcohol resulting in the impaired physical, mental, emotional, or social well being of the user.

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12
Q

Alcohol abuse

A

Deliberate or unintentional use of beverage alcohol which results in any degree of physical, mental, emotional, or social impairment of the user, the user’s family, or society in general.

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13
Q

Legal intoxication

A

The level of alcohol in the system that society deems unacceptable to driving or out in public is .10 blood alcohol concentration.

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14
Q

Alcohol dependence

A

Psychological and/or physical need for beverage alcohol - characterized by compulsive use, tolerance, and physical dependence manifest by withdrawal syndrome.

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15
Q

Fermentation

A

Sugar, yeast, and a source of heat is all that’s needed to make alcohol.

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16
Q

Percentages of beverages consumed

A

Beer = 46% of all alcohol consumed
Wine = 17% of all alcohol consumed
Distilled Spirits = 37% of all alcohol consumed.

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17
Q

Absorption

A

Once alcohol is swallowed and enters the stomach, the process of absorption begins as it passes thru walls of the stomach where tiny blood vessels pick up the alcohol.

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18
Q

When alcohol is more dilute or there is food in the stomach, what happens?

A

Absorption is slowed and delayed. The higher the concentration of alcohol, the faster the absorption.

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19
Q

How do emotions affect absorption?

A

Anger, fear, stress, and fatigue can cause absorption to be delayed while happiness and excitement cause the process to speed up.

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20
Q

Distribution

A

Traveling to all the body parts. Organs with higher concentrations of waters, dense blood vessels, and richer blood supply (brain, kidneys, liver, and lungs) reach the same BAC rapidly.

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21
Q

Intoxication

A

Occurs as the BAC increases faster than the body an remove alcohol from the blood.

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22
Q

Body weight

A

The more an individual weighs, the lower the BAC.

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23
Q

Lethal dose of alcohol

A

12-19 ounces of pure alcohol

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24
Q

What is the only organ that can detoxify alcohol?

A

The Liver. It detoxifies 95 to 98% of all alcohol that enter the system.

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25
Q

Metabolic rate of elimination

A

1/2 oz per hour, or one drink leaves the body every hour.

26
Q

Digestive System

A

Alcohol causes the stomach to produce a larger than normal flow of hydrochloric acid (creating gas and bloating).

27
Q

Holiday heart syndrome

A

Low doses of alcohol increase the heart rate and blood pressure, then sedates the heart muscle. This can produce irregular heart rhythms on EKG’s during holidays.

28
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

When alcohol causes the pancreas to release additional insulin, which depletes blood sugar.

29
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

When the body overproduces glycogen in the liver.

30
Q

Functional levels of the brain

A

Intellect > emotion > motor function > self-voluntary > involuntary > vital

31
Q

3-Drink Level

A

-Motor functions are already impaired
-Decreased reaction to visual and auditory stimulus.

32
Q

5-Drink Level

A

-Senses are impaired physiologically

33
Q

7-Drink Level

A

BAC of .20 and above is considered a key diagnostic aid for alcoholism.

34
Q

REM

A

REM sleep is suppressed on alcohol. This is why so many people wake up tired and irritable after drinking.

35
Q

Blackout

A

Amnesia-like period associated with heavy drinking.

36
Q

Hangover

A

The after effect of over-indulgence that causes fatigue combined with nausea, upset stomach, headache, thirst, depression, anxiety, malaise, sensitivity to sound, and ill temper.

37
Q

Diuretic

A

A drug or substance that increases the production of urine.

38
Q

Congeners

A

Natural products of fermentation and preparation process, some of which are toxic.

39
Q

What is the third leading cause of death in our society behind cancer and heart disease?

A

Alcoholism.

40
Q

Define alcoholism.

A

A category for patients whose alcohol intake is great enough to damage their physical health, or their personal or social functioning, or when it has become a prerequisite to normal functioning.

41
Q

Impaired control

A

The inability to consistently limit on drinking occasions the duration of the drinking episode, the quantity of alcohol consumed, or the behavioral consequences.

42
Q

Preoccupation

A

Excessive, focused attention given to the drug alcohol and to its effects or its use (or both).

43
Q

Alcohol Use Disorder

A

A medical condition in the DSM-5 characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences.

44
Q

Proof

A

The proof of an alcoholic beverage is calculated by doubling the percentage of alcohol content.

45
Q

Who metabolizes alcohol faster - males or females?

A

Males, BAC concentration is lower than that for females.

46
Q

Alcohol mechanism of action

A

Alters GABA +, Dopamine+, Glutamate-, Serotonin+

47
Q

Stages of Alcohol Dependence: Prodromal

A

Higher tolerance to alcohol, use alcohol to ease anxiety, and feel guilty about alcohol consumption. Binge drinking is common.

48
Q

Stages of Alcohol Dependence: Middle-Stage

A

Experience alcohol related consequences, including job loss, strained relationships, and engaging in risky behaviors.

49
Q

Stages of Alcohol Dependence: Advanced Stage

A

Drinking to stay alive.

50
Q

Stages of Alcohol Dependence: End-Stage

A

Alcohol has affected vital organs.

51
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

A

Alcohol dementia

52
Q

Detox from Alcohol: 8 Hours

A

Tremors, slurred speech, unsteady gait, disorientation, vomiting, increased heart rate, and sweating.

53
Q

Detox from Alcohol: 12-24 Hours

A

Auditory and visual hallucinations

54
Q

Detox from Alcohol 24-48 Hours

A

Life threatening seizures, delirium tremens

55
Q

Detox from Alcohol 48-72 Hours

A

Delirium tremens for as much as 5 days (hallucinations, tremors, fevers, sleeplessness, agitation, increased heart rate.) Fatality is 15%.

56
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

When alcohol crosses the placental barrier and reaches the fetus.

57
Q

Confabulation

A

When an individual unconsciously attempts to compensate for memory loss by making up memories.

58
Q

Hepatic coma or hepatic encephalopathy

A

Occurs when the liver’s inability to remove ammonia and other toxins from the bloodstream cause a decrease in neurologic function.

59
Q

Naltrexone

A

Effective for moderate to severe symptoms of AUD.

60
Q

Acamprosate

A

Decreases cravings or urges to use alcohol by restoring balance to inputs from the inhibition-excitation NT’s. Helps individuals maintain abstinence.

61
Q

Disulfram/Antabuse

A

Arrests the acetaldehyde metabolism causing ind. to become violating ill and experience severe headaches, vomiting, and shortness of breath if they consume alcohol.

62
Q

Topiramate/Gabapentin

A

Antiseizure drugs, treats symptoms of AUD, specifically cravings, dysphoria, and sleep difficulties.

LADC (24 decks)

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