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LADC > CNS Stimulants > Flashcards

CNS Stimulants Flashcards

1
Q

What are stimulants?

A

Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamines.

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2
Q

What is the most commonly used substance in the world?

A

CNS Stimulants

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3
Q

What are catecholamines?

A

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine (main hormones in fight or flight stress response).

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4
Q

What are the main effects of stimulants?

A

increased mental awareness
Excitation
Euphoria
Aphrodisiacal Effects

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5
Q

Withdrawal symptoms of stimulants

A

depression, lethargy, irritability, and poor concentration.

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6
Q

Toxicity

A

The point at which a drug can induce possible lethal effects.

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7
Q

What happens in a stimulant overdose?

A

Overdoses may be fatal due to cardiac failure, seizures, dehydration, or stroke. Cocaine has the strongest toxicity.

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8
Q

Amphetamines

A

Synthetic psychoactive substances including amps and meth. Schedule II drug.

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9
Q

Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act (2005)

A

CMEA, regulates the sale of OTC meds containing ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, and pseudoephedrine, and provides regulations addressing the risk of child endangerment associated with the toxic effects of meth reduction.

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10
Q

What is the methamphetamine mechanism of action?

A

Triggers dopamine release and functions as a dopamine look-alike by dysregulating dopamine reuptake and transmission.

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11
Q

Akathisia

A

The inability to remain still

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12
Q

Dermatillomania

A

Skin picking

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13
Q

Stimulant Sensitization

A

When selective events trigger memories associated with initial use of stimulants. Individual exhibits a lower tolerance to the substances’ perceived effects.

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14
Q

How long can psychosis from methamphetamines last?

A

Years

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15
Q

What are the toxic effects of methamphetamine?

A

Hypothermia, increased heart rate, hyperglycemia, and seizures.

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16
Q

Cocaine

A

A highly addictive CNS stimulant derived from coca plant leaves. Schedule II.

17
Q

What is the only means of consuming crack cocaine?

A

Smoking

18
Q

Where is cocaine metabolized?

A

In the liver

19
Q

What is the cocaine mechanism of action?

A

Prevents the reputake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, causing a build up of these hormones in the body.

20
Q

Nicotine

A

Stimulant drug found in tobacco leaves, can be produced synthetically, can be smoked, sniffed, chewed, or vaporized.

21
Q

Nicotine mechanism of action

A

Increase in epinephrine (adrenaline) by acting on adrenal glands, resulting in high adrenal cortical hormone levels. Dopamine is also released.

22
Q

Nicotine withdrawal symptoms

A

headache, irritability, hopelessness, increased appetite, fatigue, cough, inattention, sleep disturbances.

23
Q

How many mg of caffeine does the FDA recommend an adult consume per day?

A

400 mg

24
Q

What is the most commonly used psychoactive substance globally?

A

Caffeine

25
Q

Caffeine’s mechanism of action

A

Speeds up production of adenosine (a CNS neuromodulator that slows down activities responsible for regulating sleep and cardiovascular blood flow.)

26
Q

What medical conditions has the FDA approved caffeine to treat?

A

-Low HR and oxygen levels in newborns
-Postsurgical headaches
-Migraines
-Tension headaches

27
Q

Why is caffeine not recommended for children under 12?

A

Increase in blood pressure and poor sleep quality can lead to behavioral and emotional difficulties.

28
Q

Caffeine withdrawal symtoms

A

Headaches, irritability, sluggishness, gastrointestinal issues, depressed mood, sleep problems.

29
Q

Bath salts, or synthetic cathinones

A

Cathinone is derived from the khat shrub and chewing the leaves of the plant produce a stimulant effect.

30
Q

Yohimbe

A

A species of evergreen tree indigenous to Africa. The bark can treat erectile dysfunction and enhance libido. Yohimbine is legal, yohimbe is not.

31
Q

Kratom

A

The most commonly used illegal substance in Thailand. Creates feelings of pleasure, rapid heart rate, and relaxation. Can be brewed as tea or taken as a powder.

32
Q

Ephedra

A

Evergreen tree, teats colds, headaches, fever, and congestion. Used to treat obesity and fatigue/enhance athletic performance. In 2004 it was banned.

33
Q

Betel Nut

A

When chewed, betel nut produces stimulant effects and leaves a deep red or purple stain around the lips and mouth.

34
Q

How long does it take to develop psychological and physical dependence with CNS stimulants?

A

A month

35
Q

CMEA

A

Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act , 2005

LADC (24 decks)

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