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LADC > CNS Depressants > Flashcards

CNS Depressants Flashcards

1
Q

Hypnotics

A

Drugs that have a sleep-inducing effect. (Tranquilizers, sleeping pills, anti anxiety drugs, or sedatives.)

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2
Q

Sedative-hypnotics

A

Synthetic compounds, prescribed for use under medical supervision.

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3
Q

Barbiturates

A

-CNS depressants
-Used to treat anxiety, induce sleep, and control seizures.
-Overdose causes death by respiratory failure or seizures.

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4
Q

Ultra-short acting barbiturates

A

With rapid onset of effects used as surgical anesthetics. These drugs produce anesthesia within one minute of intravenous administration.

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5
Q

Short-intermediate acting barbiturates

A

Calming and sleep agents, have an onset effect from 15 to 40 minutes after oral administration.
-Highly abusable.

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6
Q

Long-acting barbiturates

A

Onset times of up to one hour after use, but duration of effects is 16 hours. Used as sedatives, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants. Ex: luminal, mebaral, and Gemini.

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7
Q

Withdrawal from barbiturates

A

Anxiety, tremors, nightmares, insomnia, vomiting, and seizures. Can be life-threatening.

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8
Q

LD-50

A

Lethal dose of a drug that would kill 50% of people who took that dosage.

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9
Q

Minor tranquilizers

A

Depressant drugs used to treat anxiety and insomnia. Antianxiety agents.

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10
Q

Diazepam (valium)

A

One of the most popular minor tranquilizers prescribed by physicians.

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11
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Ativan, Serax, Centrax, Xanax, etc. Sleep agents and anti-anxiety (anxiolytics) agents. Schedule IV substance, classified according to their half-life.

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12
Q

Potentiation

A

When two CNS depressants are combined resulting in a synergistic process that increases the effects of both substances.

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13
Q

What is the difference between opioids and opiates?

A

Opiates occur naturally (morphine and codeine) opioids are manufactured synthetically (methadone, fentanyl.)

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14
Q

What is the most dangerous and addictive options?

A

Heroin

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15
Q

Agonists

A

Increase CNS effects

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16
Q

Antagonists

A

Block CNS effects

17
Q

Opiate mechanism of action

A

Elevate production of dopamine by increasing the neuronal firing rte of dopamine-producing cells. They also block substance P, one of the major NT’s responsible for communicating pain from the peripheral nervous system to the brain.

18
Q

What sensations do opiates cause?

A

Euphoria, relaxation, pain relief, sedation, decreased sexual desire, impaired judgement, constricted pupils, nausea, slurred speech, and memory impairments.

19
Q

Speedballing

A

Combining opiates and stimulants

20
Q

What is the primary cause of fatalities by overdose for opioids?

A

Respiratory failure. Narcan or naloxone is an antagonist used to treat opioid overdose.

21
Q

Withdrawal Symptoms for Opioids Use

A

Watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, dilated pupils, goosebumps, diaphoresis (sweating), gastrointestinal upset, insomnia, anorexia, flushing, hypertension, paresthesia (tingling/pins and needles), headaches, fatigue.

22
Q

Who has the highest rate of opioid overdose?

A

White non-Hispanic males and young adults aged 20-40

23
Q

How much more potent is fentanyl than heroin?

A

50 times for potent and 100 times more potent than morphine

24
Q

Barbiturate Mechanism of Action

A

Increase the activity of GABA, an NT that slows neuronal activity, resulting in sedation.`

25
Q

Barbiturate withdrawal symptoms

A

Nausea, vomiting, insomnia, sweating, agitation. Severe symptoms include seizures, delirium, high BP, psychosis, loss of consciousness.

26
Q

Are there any FDA approved meds to treat barbiturate withdrawal?

A

No, but meds can be prescribed to manage the physical and physiological symptoms.

27
Q

Xanax (Benzo)

A

Manage depression and anxiety.

28
Q

Halcion (Benzo)

A

Short-term (7-10 day) treatment of insomnia.

29
Q

Diazepam (Benzo)

A

Muscle spasms and seizures, manages acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms

30
Q

When can benzodiazepine overdose occur?

A

If 50 to 100 pills are ingested. Flurazepam and lorazepam block the activation of benzes and can be used to treat/reverse the effects.

31
Q

Withdrawal Symptoms from Benzodiazepines?

A

Sleep disturbance, anxiety, yawning, paranoia, headaches, seizures, convulsion.

32
Q

Protracted Abstinence Syndrome

A

Occurs with benzodiazepines, described prolonged withdrawal symptoms (lasting months.)

33
Q

Z-Hypnotics

A

Non-benzodiazpeine sleep aids used to induce sleep, manage anxiety, and treat seizures and nerve pain.

34
Q

Sleep-hypnotic examples

A

Ambien (Zolpidem), Zaleplon, Lunesta, immovable, zopiclone

35
Q

Sleep latency

A

Helping an individual fall asleep

36
Q

Sleep maintenance

A

Helping an individual stay asleep

37
Q

Illegal Z-Hypnotics

A

-Chloral hydrate (date rape drug)
-GHB (date rape drug)
-Gamma-butryolactone
-Methaqualone (quaalude), produces effects similar to alcohol

LADC (24 decks)

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