Study Guide 9 - Intelligence Flashcards
Intelligence
- ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt
- varies between cultures
Spearman’ Theory
- a general intelligence (g)
- underlies all intelligence
- DOES matter!
- predicts performance on complex tasks
Gardner’s 8 intelligences
- intelligence is many abilities
- spatial
- bodily
- intrapersonal (self awareness, introspection, aware of their emotions)
- interpersonal (interaction with others)
- naturalist
- linguistic
- logical
- musical
Savant Syndrome
-person with limited intelligence has one incredible skill
Reification
-error of viewing intelligence as a physical object you “have”
Thurstone’s Theory of Intelligence
- mental abilities (book smarts)
- intelligence is a range of abilities
- verbal, numerical, memory, inductive reasoning, perceptual speed, verbal fluency, spatial
- good at one more likely to be good at the rest
Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
- analytical (school)
- creative
- practical (street smarts)
Emotional Intelligence
-ability to understand, interpret and control emotions
Goleman’s Theory of Emotional Intelligence
- ability to understand, interpret, and control emotion
- use emotion to enable adaptive and creative thinking
Mental vs. chronological age
-mental age: level of performance typically associated with a certain chronological age (age in years)
Stanford-Binet Test
- Terman revised and standardized Binet’s test for an American sample
- from this came the IQ formula
IQ
-mental age/chronological age X100
WAIS and WISC
- Wechsler test for adults (WAIS) and children (WISC)
- administered individually
- gives overall score and separate scores for verbal and performance (15 subtests measure verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, memory and processing speed)
Aptitude Test
-designed to gauge a person’s ability to learn (SAT)
Achievement Test
-measures how much a person has learned (AP test)
Standardization
-comparing your score to a representative sample’s score to determine your intelligence relative to other people’s
Reliability
-a test is reliable if it yields dependable consistent scores
Validity
-if a test measures what it is supposed to measure
Predictive validity
-if Test is a good indicator of future performance
Content Validity
-the extent to which the test samples the behavior that is of interest
Normal Curve
- the bell shape Distribution that describes many psychological traits
- most ppl are average with fewer ppl towards the end
- 68% of data within 1 St. Deviation, 95% within 2 St. Deviations, 99.8% within 3 St. Deviations
- Z score: X-mean/St. Deviation
Flynn Effect
-worldwide test scores are improving
Stereotype Threat
-when a group is told their performance is worse than another groups they will perform worse
Culture Fair Testing
-a Test that measures IQ and is not biased based on culture differences
Creativity
- expertise
- imaginative thinking
- adventurous personality
- intrinsic motivation
- creative environment
- defined as the ability to produce new and valuable ideas
ABD - fluid and crystallized Intelligence
-alike because both differ depending on age
-different because FLUID: ability to reason quickly and abstractly, decreases in 20s and 30s
CRYSTALLIZED: accumulated knowledge, increases in old age
ABD - validity and reliability
- alike because Good tests meet both of these requirements
- different because VALIDITY is the extend to which a Test measures what it’s supposed to and RELIABILITY is if a Test yields consistent scores
ABD - stereotype threat and culture fair Test
- alike because both are difficulties that arise with intelligence and culture
- different because STEREOTYPE THREAT is the phenomenon that if a group is told they will perform worse they will and CULTURE FAIR TEST is a test that ensures that it is not biased based on culture
Split-Half Reliability
- a way to see if different test items for the same topic produce the same result
- determine correlation between two sets of questions about the same topic
Inter-Rate Reliability
- used to assess the degree to which different judges agree in their assessment of something
- useful because humans may disagree in their interpretation
Pretest-Posttest Reliability
-take same test twice and compare two scores to determine stability over time
Criterion Validity
-used to predict future or current performance
Face Validity
- determines that the measure APPEARS to be assessing what it’s supposed to
- not very scientific
ABD - practical and analytic intelligence
- alike because both are part of Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
- different because PRACTICAL is about doing real life skills while ANALYTIC is “book smarts”
ABD - content and criterion Validity
-alike because both are types of Validity (how well something measures what it is supposed to)
-different because CONTENT = extent to which the test samples the behavior that is of interest
while CRITERION is used to predict performance
Giftedness/Genius
- hard to define
- high level of performance in a field
- potential at a young age and then achievement later
- still involved hard work
- psychosocial influences
MENSA
- high IQ society
- top 2% of IQs to join
Intellectual Delay/Cognitively Disabled
-significant limitations on intellectual functioning (reasoning, problem solving) and adaptive behavior (social and practical skills)
Specific social intelligence (s)
- emotional intelligence
- ability to understand others
Percentile
-ex) a score that is greater than 75% of scores is in the 75th percentile, and 75 is the percentile rank
ABD - g and s
- alike because both are a variable that measure an overall ability
- g measures overall smarts, while s measures social intelligence
