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Psychology > Study Guide 12 - Personality > Flashcards

Study Guide 12 - Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

ID

A
  • Freud’ idea

- the devil that wants immediate pleasure

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2
Q

Ego

A
  • Freud’s idea
  • a combination of the Devil and angel
  • in touch with reality and makes compromises
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3
Q

Superego

A
  • freuds idea
  • the angel!
  • a moral guide
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4
Q

Iceberg Analogy

A
  • Freud thought that the conscious mind was relatively small
  • conscious: what we are aware of
  • preconscious: not aware of but retrievable
  • unconscious: not aware of and not retrievable
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5
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

-ways to protect ourselves from anxiety cause by conflict between ID, ego, and superego

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6
Q

Repression

A

-purposefully forgetting a bad memory

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7
Q

Rationalization

A

-making excuses

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8
Q

Projection

A
  • blaming others

- everyone has the same problems that I do

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9
Q

Regression

A

-going backward, returning to old behaviors

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10
Q

Denial

A

-not admitting to something

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11
Q

Reaction-formation

A

-feeling one way and expressing yourself in the opposite way

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12
Q

Displacement

A

-redirecting ones anger

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13
Q

Intellectualization

A

-stifling emotion with logic or reason

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14
Q

Sublimation

A

-to channel impulses

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15
Q

Psychosexual development

A
  • Freud believed that identity and personality are related to our sex drive
  • conflicts between sex drive and society with a resolution leading to progression through development
  • disorders are evidence that an individual was never able to find a resolution and is stuck in a stage
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16
Q

Oral

A
  • 0-1.5

- breast offers food and love

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17
Q

Anal

A
  • 1.5-3

- potty training gives toddlers a sense of power

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18
Q

Phallic

A
  • 4-5

- children are attracted to the parent of the opposite sex

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19
Q

Latency

A
  • 5-puberty

- sexual feelings are suppressed

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20
Q

Genital

A
  • puberty

- renewed sexual interest

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21
Q

Fixations

A
  • Freud thought that unresolved internal conflicts lead to fixation in a certain stage
  • ex) oral fixation = smoking
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22
Q

Free Association

A
  • when Freud would ask patients to name the first thing that came to mind
  • used to tap the unconscious
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23
Q

Dream Analysis

A
  • Freud used this method to analyze the unconscious
  • manifest = story line of dream
  • latent = underlying meaning of dream
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24
Q

Freudian Slip

A

-an error in speech, memory, or behavior that is believed to be caused by unconscious mind

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25
Q

Penis Envy

A

-women were incomplete men and wanted a penis

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26
Q

Jung

A
  • psychodynamic

- mythology and ancient cultures

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27
Q

Collective Unconscious

A
  • Jung

- stores all of humanity’s common stories, memories, and urges

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28
Q

Archetypes

A
  • Jung
  • universal ideas
  • ex) hero figure
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29
Q

Introversion/Extroversion

A
  • Jung
  • introversion: shy
  • extroversion: social and outgoing
30
Q

Individuation

A
  • Jung

- we strive toward stabilizing our personality by moderating extroversion and introversion

31
Q

Adler

A
  • inferior
  • future
  • striving for superiority: behavior driven by efforts to overcome childhood inferiority
32
Q

Style of Life

A
  • Adler
  • unique set of motives, actions, values and interests
  • in order to overcome inferiority
33
Q

Fictional Finalisms

A
  • expectations that motivate people

- Adler

34
Q

Inferiority Complex

A
  • Adler

- being small and incapable as a child leads to feelings of inferiority

35
Q

Birth Order

A
  • Adler

- order you’re born in effects personality

36
Q

Horney

A
  • anxiety

- women

37
Q

Basic Anxiety

A
  • Horney
  • everyone has a basic anxiety in childhood that disrupts our security
  • leads to neurosis (mild mental illness)
38
Q

Erikson

A
  • social

- identity

39
Q

Identity Crisis

A
  • Erikson
  • time during which people decide who they are
  • a solution must be found in all 8 stages in order to form a firm identity
40
Q

Bandura

A

-Bobo doll study

41
Q

Reciprocal Determinism/Triadic Reciprocity Model

A

-behavior, environment, and personal factors all account and Effect personality

42
Q

Self Efficacy

A
  • important personal factor
  • beliefs about your own abilities
  • performance standard
43
Q

Observational Learning

A

-learn behaviors by observing and imitating others

44
Q

Rotter

A
  • personality is a stable set of responses to situations

- learning creates expectations

45
Q

Locus of control

A
  • internal: WE control our success and failures

- external: what happens to us is decided by fate

46
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

-when you aren’t able to avoid bad events you become passive and give up

47
Q

Mischel and person-situation theory

A
  • everyone had unique beliefs, feelings, and expectations (cognitive variables)
  • to predict behavior know cognitive variables and situation
48
Q

Allport

A

-traits combine into 1 personality

49
Q

Cardinal traits

A
  • allport

- 1 defining trait

50
Q

Primary Traits

A
  • allport

- major characteristics

51
Q

Secondary Traits

A
  • allport
  • representation of attitudes
  • ex) nervous to give a talk, but not a defining trait
52
Q

Catell

A
  • certain clusters of traits represent a basic part of personality
  • 16 basic source Traits (fundamental)
53
Q

Eysenck

A

-3 different source Traits based on biology

54
Q

3 Personality Dimensions

A
  • Eysenck
  • introversion to extroversion
  • neuroticism to emotionally stable
  • psychotisism
55
Q

5 Factor Model (OCEAN)

A
  • openness (creativity)
  • conscientiousness (organized)
  • extraversion
  • agreeableness
  • neuroticism (anxious, tense, worried)
56
Q

Type A vs. Type B

A

-type A high strung, anxious while type B is more relaxed

57
Q

Libido

A

-Freud’s idea of the sexual energy that drives us

58
Q

Personal Interviews

A
  • structured with set questions

- unstructured which is basically a normal convo

59
Q

Observation

A
  • looking at someone’s behaviors

- doesn’t rely on self-report but is expensive

60
Q

Objective Tests

A
  • given and scored according to standard procedures
  • relies on self report
  • ex) 16 PFQ
61
Q

Projective Tests

A
  • ambiguous stimuli draw out an unlimited number of responses that reveal something about the unconscious
  • ex) ink blot
62
Q

Reliability vs. Validity

A
  • R: does it produce consistent scores

- V: does it test what it is supposed to

63
Q

Actualizing Tendency

A
  • Rogers

- humans are inclined toward growth and fulfillment

64
Q

Fully Functioning Person

A
  • Rogers

- exploring, match between real and idealized self, in touch with feelings and abilities, trust instincts

65
Q

Self Concept

A
  • our feelings and thoughts about ourselves

- real vs. ideal selves

66
Q

Positive Regard

A
  • warmth and love from a significant other
  • conditional: love dependent on acting a certain way
  • unconditional: full acceptance regardless
67
Q

Maslow Hierarchy of Needs

A
  • hierarchy of motives

- distracted from self actualization because focused on lower level needs

68
Q

Womb Envy

A
  • horney
  • reaction against penis envy
  • men jealous of women’s nurturing abilities
69
Q

Humanistic

A
  • people are inherently good
  • have free will and are responsible for their lives
  • can grow psychologically
70
Q

Person Variables

A
  • Mischel
  • unique and used to predict behavior
  • competencies: smarts/social skills
  • perceptions: ppl perceive events differently
  • expectations: expected results of different behavior
  • subject values: value of each possible outcome
  • self regulation and plan: rules ppl use to regulate their behavior
71
Q

Object relations

A
  • part of psychodynamic

- studies how important relationships affect psychological health

Psychology (14 decks)

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