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Psychology > Study Guide 14 - Social > Flashcards

Study Guide 14 - Social Flashcards

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1
Q

Social categorization

A
  • classifying people based on common traits

- classifying someone as poor based on their clothing

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2
Q

Implicit Personality theory

A
  • beliefs about the relationship among a certain type of person and their traits/behavior
  • stereotypes
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3
Q

Attribution theory

A

-how we explain behaviors
-situational (external)
OR
-dispositional (internal factors)

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4
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

-we think other act as certain way because of their character traits and ignore the situation

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5
Q

Self Fulfilling prophecy

A

-expectations about someone can lead to those expectations being fulfilled

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6
Q

Self serving bias

A
  • we take credit for our success by attributing then to our traits
  • and say failures are due to the situation
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7
Q

Self effacing bias

A
  • modesty bias
  • blaming failures on US
  • and success are due to be situation
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8
Q

Actor observer bias

A
  • OUR behavior = situational

- OTHERS behavior = dispositional

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9
Q

Conformity

A

-when we adjust our ideas/behaviors to meet a group standard

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10
Q

Informational Social Influence

A
  • when situation had no clear right/wrong answer

- confirm to others behavior because we think it must be correct

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11
Q

Normative Social Influence

A
  • situation has a clear right or wrong answer

- give into social pressure to be accepted

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12
Q

Asch’s Line Experiment

A
  • group of fake participants, purposefully gave a wrong answer
  • examined what last participant did
  • last participant confirmed to incorrect answers about 1/3 of the time, even through they knew it was wrong
  • example of normative social influence
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13
Q

Influences on Conformity

A 
-pressure to conform is highest when: 
Group is unanimous 
Behavior is public 
Group is large 
Group is attractive
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14
Q

Just World hypothesis

A
  • world is fair and people get what they deserve

- good things happen I good people

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15
Q

Blaming the Victim

A
  • tendency to blame an innocent victim for causing a problem or not preventing it
  • caused by just world hypothesis
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16
Q

3 components of attitude

A
  • “A” affective = emotion
  • “B” behavior
  • “C” cognitive
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17
Q

Elaboration Likelihood Model

A
  • changing an attitude
  • central route: good explanation, processing info, attitude changes depending on quality of argument
  • peripheral route: bad explanation, low processing, attitude change depends on how they persuade
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18
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A
  • tension when behavior conflicts with attitude

- either change views or behavior

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19
Q

Social Loafing

A
  • ppl use less energy on group tasks

- individualist cultures

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20
Q

Social Striving

A
  • work harder when in a group

- collectivist cultures

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21
Q

Social Facilitation

A
  • presence of others makes individual performance better

- easy tasks

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22
Q

Social Interference

A
  • presence of others hinders performance

- complex tasks

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23
Q

De-individuation

A
  • in a group ppl lose themselves and do irresponsible behaviors
  • arousal increases
  • diffusion of responsibility
24
Q

Group Polarization

A

-like minded people in a group creates extreme ideas

25
Q

Groupthink

A
  • individuals hide their beliefs in a group to keep the peace
  • some groups then make bad decisions
26
Q

Cultural Orientations

A
  • individualism
  • collectivism
  • conformity higher in collectivist
27
Q

Obedience

A

-obeying command because of perceived authority

28
Q

Milgram Obedience Study

A
  • blind obedience
  • teachers gave shocks
  • most teachers finished the study!
29
Q

Norm of reciprocity

A

-comply because feel obliged to return a favor

30
Q

Foot in the door

A
  • get someone to comply by having them first agree to a small request
  • then agree to a bigger request
31
Q

Door in the face

A
  • comply by starting with a large request know will be rejected
  • then ask for more moderate request
32
Q

That’s not all

A
  • ask for something big but offer a discount or bonus so the offer looks less extreme
  • compliance
33
Q

Lowballing

A

-get ppl to comply by having them commit to 1 action and then up cost of behavior

34
Q

Altruism

A

-helping others with no expectation of benefitting from it

35
Q

Feel good-do good

A

-if u feel good u are more likely to help others

36
Q

Factors that increase Pro-social behavior

A
  • feel good do good
  • used to decrease feelings of guilt
  • innocent victim
  • see others helping
  • obvious what to do
  • social connection to the person in trouble
37
Q

Bystander Effect

A
  • larger group makes it less likely for individuals to help

- decrease pro-social behavior

38
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A
  • presence of others makes the responsibility shared

- individuals take less initiative

39
Q

Instinct approach

A

-aggression is a biological drive

40
Q

Biological influences on Aggression

A
  • genetics, hormones
  • lack of serotonin (happiness and impulse control)
  • excess of testosterone
41
Q

Behavioral Influences on Aggression

A
  • learn by observing others

- peers reinforce

42
Q

Social cultural influences on Aggression

A
  • social stressors like poverty inc Aggression
  • alcohol and drugs
  • hot weather
  • group atmosphere
43
Q

Cognitive influences on Aggression

A
  • frustration is a negative emotional trigger

- leads to anger and then Aggression!

44
Q

In-group Bias

A

-members of your group are better than other groups

45
Q

Our group homogeneity effect

A
  • ppl in other groups are different from the group you are in
  • they are alike but we are unique
46
Q

Stereotypes

A

-characteristics associated with all members of a specific social group

47
Q

Prejudice

A
  • an attitude
  • unfair, unfavorable view of a group of people
  • based on idea that other social groups are very different from your own
48
Q

Discrimination

A
  • a behavior

- unfair act directed against a group

49
Q

Scapegoat Theory

A
  • targeting anger at a group one dislikes

- ex) Holocaust

50
Q

Physical Attractiveness

A
  • # 1 predictor of relationships

- ppl associate good qualities with beauty

51
Q

Proximity and mere exposure effect

A
  • proximity: tend to develop relationships with those who you live close to
  • mere exposure effect: like people we see often
  • # 2 predictor
52
Q

Similarity

A
  • like people we think are similar to ourselves

- #3 predictor

53
Q

Social exchange theory

A

-consider costs and benefits of a relationship and choose those with most rewards

54
Q

Equity Theory

A
  • people are most comfortable in a balanced relationship

- each partner benefits and contributes equally

55
Q

Reciprocity

A

-like those who like us!

56
Q

Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love

A

-love has intimacy, passion, and commitment

Psychology (14 decks)

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