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Psychology > Study Guide 4 - States Of Consciousness > Flashcards

Study Guide 4 - States Of Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

Conscious

A
  • awareness of yourself and surroundings
  • selective and unique and changing
  • made of mental processes, thoughts, feelings
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2
Q

Preconscious

A
  • part of your non-conscious

- memories/stored knowledge

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3
Q

Unconscious

A
  • part of non-conscious
  • mental activities that are involuntarily kept OUT of our conscious mind
  • ex) sexual/aggressive, Freudian iceberg metaphor - potentially dangerous, disorders
  • can act as protect or barrier to growth
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4
Q

Non-conscious

A

-mental processes that you are NOT aware of

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5
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A
  • sleep and wake cycle (biological rhythm) that’s controlled by the SCN
  • ex) peak degree of sleepiness at 3 am&pm
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6
Q

Jet Lag

A
  • sleep pattern difficulties, conflict btwn internal clock and new time zone
  • easier to stay up late than go to bed earlier
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7
Q

Shift Work

A
  • work schedules conflicts with body’s natural circadian rhythm, difficulty adjusting
  • disorder identified by pattern of sleep interruption -> insomnia, and sleepiness
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8
Q

SAD

A
  • depressed during fall and winter
  • decreased energy
  • treated with light therapy, or medication
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9
Q

Non-24

A
  • occurs in people who are totally blind
  • for ppl with sight enviro. light cues signal the brain to reset the body’s clock to 24 hours
  • for blind ppl everyday their body’s natural clock falls a little more behind until their body operates like night is day and vice versa
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10
Q

SCN

A
  • neurons in hypothalamus that govern timing of circadian rhythms
  • controls production of melatonin
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11
Q

Melatonin

A
  • hormone released by the pineal gland
  • sleep!
  • bright light decreases its production
  • teens secrete later in the evening
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12
Q

Restorative Sleep Theory

A
  • we sleep in order to replenish essential bodily processes

- sleep essential to normal functioning

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13
Q

Evolutionary Sleep Therapy (Adaptive Non responding Theory)

A
  • Sleep has developed evolutionarily (safest for us to sleep at night when vision is bad)
  • each generation sleeps less
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14
Q

Memory Restoration Theory

A
  • R.E.M. sleep is time for the brain to organize and consolidate memories
  • neural connections made and brain gets rid of unnecessary information
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15
Q

Stage 1

A
  • brief transition when first falling asleep

- alpha (awake and drowsy) and theta waves = low amp high frequency

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16
Q

Stage 2

A
  • fully asleep but brief bursts of rapid brain activity (Sleep Spindles-lots of waves very close together & K-complexes-1 very high wave)
  • theta and beginning of delta waves
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17
Q

Stage 3

A
  • deepest sleep
  • heart rate, breathing, and muscle tension all decrease
  • delta waves: low freq. high amp. slow
  • normally dreamless
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18
Q

Stage 4

A
  • VERY deep sleep
  • mostly delta waves
  • heart rate, breathing and muscle tension decrease
  • normally dreamless
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19
Q

R.E.M. Sleep

A
  • rapid eye movement, rest of body relaxed but intense brain activity
  • high freq. low amp.
  • when dreams and R.E.M. paralysis occur
  • as night goes on, more time is spent in R.E.M. sleep
20
Q

Insomnia

A
  • a dyssomnia sleep disorder
  • difficulty falling or staying asleep, or doesn’t feel rested
  • triggered by stress or anxiety
21
Q

Night Terrors

A
  • intense fear and hallucinations
  • no memory of them, during stages 3/4
  • bad to wake them up
  • parasomnia
22
Q

Sleep Apnea

A
  • stop breathing during sleep
  • genetic
  • heavy snoring/shallow, heavy breathing
  • high blood pressure
  • CPAP treatment, applies pressure to keep airways open
  • dyssomnias
23
Q

Narcolepsy

A
  • dyssomnia
  • lapse into R.E.M. sleep all of a sudden
  • 70% of patients also experience cataplexy, sudden loss of muscle control
  • possibly caused by abnormalities in hypocretins (neurotransmitters that keep us awake)
24
Q

Sleep Walking

A
  • walking during stage 3/4
  • most common in kids
  • parasomnia
25
Q

Biological Rhythm

A
  • any rhythmic change that continues at about a 24 hour cycle
  • ex) body temp, sleep and wakefulness
  • absence of time cues cycle will become 25 hours
26
Q

Pituitary Growth Hormone Release Theory

A
  • need sleep for growth and development

- during deep sleep, the pituitary gland releases most of the growth hormones we are exposed to

27
Q

R.E.M. Rebound

A

-tendency for R.E.M. Sleep to increase after sleep deprivation

28
Q

Psychoanalytic Dream Theory

A
  • dreams are the fulfillment of erotic wishes
  • MANIFEST content: the storyline of the dream, remember
  • LATENT content: the underlying meaning of the dream that need to be interpreted
29
Q

Biological Dream Theory

A
  • circuits in the brain are activated during R.E.M. -> help to activate limbic system
  • all this activity is interpreted by the brain and signals are given meaning
  • physiological theory
30
Q

Cognitive Dream Theory

A
  • dreams sort out and understand memories of that day
  • our brain remodels the “world inside”
  • R.E.M. sleep does increase after stressful events
  • lucid dreaming: you are aware that you are dreaming, possible to control these dreams
31
Q

Hypnosis: Divided Consciousness Theory

A

-hypnosis IS an altered state of consciousness

32
Q

Hypnosis: Social Role Theory

A
  • hypnosis is NOT an altered state of consciousness
  • social phenomenon when ppl want to believe
  • different ppl have various states of hypnotic suggestibility
33
Q

Tolerance

A

-need more of a drug to get the same effect

34
Q

Withdrawal

A
  • physical and psychological effects experienced after stopping drug use
  • ex) fever, agitation, delirium
35
Q

Addiction

A
  • physical: biological state in which drug use is needed to prevent withdrawal symptoms
  • psychological: a person continues using a drug b/c they need it to feel good, and is worried about getting the drug
36
Q

Depressants

A
  • slows down your CNS by inhibiting GABA
  • slow reaction time and interfere with judgement
  • ex) alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, opioids
37
Q

Stimulants

A
  • arouse sympathetic NS by increasing norepinephrine
  • feel more confident or energetic
  • ex) amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy, nicotine, caffeine
38
Q

Hallucinogens

A
  • change your perception of reality
  • traces stay in the body after they are taken, so you need less to get the same effect
  • serotonin agonist
  • ex) LSD, weed
39
Q

Twilight Sleep

A
  • not asleep yet but transitioning

- hypnagogic hallucinations: vivid sensory hallucinations during onset of sleep ex) feel like falling

40
Q

Deep Sleep

A

-stage 3&4

41
Q

ABD - Nightmare and night terror

A
  • alike because both are scary
  • different because NIGHTMARES are remembered and during R.E.M. but NIGHT TERRORS are not remembered and during stage 3/4
42
Q

ABD - Stimulant and Depressant

A
  • alike because both are types of drugs that alter someone’s state
  • different because STIMULANTS arouse, and DEPRESSANTS relax
43
Q

ABD - Opioid and Hallucinogen

A
  • alike because both are powerful drugs and mimic neurotransmitters
  • different because OPIOIDS are powerful pain killers and HALLUCINOGENS change your perception of reality
44
Q

ABD - Tolerance and Withdrawal

A
  • alike because both are effects of drug use

- different because TOLERANCE is when your body “gets used” to a drug and WITHDRAWAL is symptoms after stopping drug use

45
Q

ABD - Latent and Manifest Content

A
  • alike because both are part of the psychoanalytic theory

- different because MANIFEST is the story, and LATENT is the underlying meaning

46
Q

ABD - Biological Theory & Psychoanalytic Theory

A
  • alike because both find hidden meaning
  • different because PA says dreams are the fulfillment of erotic wishes and B says dreams are the result of brain activity
47
Q

ABD - Social Role and Divided Consciousness Hypnosis Theory

A
  • alike because both are debated

- different because DC says hypnosis is an altered state, SI says it is not

Psychology (14 decks)

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