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Project Management > Study Cards - Chapter 8 (requires studying) > Flashcards

Study Cards - Chapter 8 (requires studying) Flashcards

1
Q

Quality

A
  • The degree to which a set of inherent characteristincs fulfills requirements
  • Fitness for use
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2
Q

Cost benefit analysis

A
  • weighing the cost of implementing the quality requirements agains the beneift it will deliver for the product
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3
Q

Benefits of meeting quality requirements

A
  • Decreased rework
  • Decreased costs
  • Increased productivity
  • Increased stakholder satisfaction
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4
Q

Benchmarking

A
  • compares project practices used in the past to those that are being used in the present
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5
Q

Control limits

A
  • never selected by the PM or customer

- calculated by the process itself

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6
Q

Specification limits

A
  • determined by the customer and the PM
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7
Q

Control charts

A
  • determine if the process is stable
  • identify upper and lower control limits
  • identify upper and lower specification limits
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8
Q

Design of Experiments

A
  • Developed by sir Ronald Fisher
  • Experimenting on multiple factors at once
  • Used during Plan Quality to determine testing approaches
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9
Q

Lowest cost of quality

A
  • Prevention
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10
Q

Poka Yoke

A
  • Mistake proofing

- Shegeo Shingo

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11
Q

Zero Quality Control

A
  • 100% source inspection

- Shegeo Shingo

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12
Q

FMEA

A
  • Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
  • non-proprietary approach to quality management
  • US Army
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13
Q

VOC

A
  • Voice of the Customer
  • Captures implied needs
  • Japan
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14
Q

Loss Function

A
  • Establishes a financial measure of the user’s dissatisfaction with a product
  • Genichi Taguchi
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15
Q

Matrix Diagram

A
  • House of Quality (HOQ)
  • Utilized in QFD
  • Mizuno and Akao
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16
Q

Kano Model

A
  • Focusing on product atributes that are perceived to be important to customers
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17
Q

Marginal Analyisis

A
  • done from the point of view of the performing organization

- weights benefits for improving quality against the costs

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18
Q

Force Field Analysis

A
  • used to weigh the pros and cons of a specific action

- views proactive and opposing forces working for or agains a proposed plan

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19
Q

Nominal Group Technique

A
  • a form of brainstorming utilizing a voting process to rank ideas in order of importance
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20
Q

Zero Defects

A
  • Identify what methods and processes can be implemented to eliminate defects
  • Philip Crosby ‘Quality is Free’
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21
Q

Fitness for Use

A
  • Does the productmeet the customer’s need?

- Joseph Juran

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22
Q

Grade vs. Quality

A
  • A product can be low grade but high quality as long as it meets your quality criteria
23
Q

Five dimensions of quality

A
  • Grade
  • Conformance
  • Reliability
  • Safety
  • Use
24
Q

Management’s impact on quality

A
  • responsible for 85% or more of the quality issues that occur in the environment
  • Edwards Deming
25
Q

System

A
  • interdependent components that work together to accomplish a goal
  • Edwards Deming
26
Q

Variation

A
  • Critical for management to understand in a process (and who is responsible)
  • Edwards Deming
27
Q

Special Cause Variation

A
  • when a process exceeds its control limits
  • can be addressed by the sytem operator
  • Edwards Deming
28
Q

Common Cause Variation

A
  • natural variation in a process
  • improvements can only be addressed by mangement
  • Edwards Deming
29
Q

Theory of knowledge

A
  • used to build a rational prediction

- Edwards Deming

30
Q

Psychology

A
  • managers must understand people and how they work

- Edwards Deming

31
Q

Kaizen

A
  • Implement consistent and incremental improvement

- Uses Plan-Do-Check-Act

32
Q

Six Sigma

A
  • 99.99966% defect free
  • 3.4 defects in one million
  • DMAIC
33
Q

DMAIC

A
  • Five steps of six sigma
  • Define
  • Measure
  • Analyse
  • Implement
  • Control
34
Q

Just in Time

A
  • eliminates the unecessary and expensive buildup of inventory
  • processes typically carry no inventory
  • Shingo Shigeo and Taichii Ohno
35
Q

ISO

A
  • International Standards Organization

- Voluntary organization that promotes international standards for manufacturing

36
Q

TQM

A
  • Management approach centered on quality

- Koji Kobayashi

37
Q

CMMI

A
  • Capability Maturity Model

- process designed to help improve overall software quality

38
Q

Seven basic quality tools

A
  • Cause and effect diagram
  • Control Charts
  • Flowcharts
  • Histogram
  • Pareto chart
  • Run chart
  • Scatter diagram
  • Kaoru Ishikawa
39
Q

Probability

A
  • expressed as a percentage
  • describes likelihood that a specific event will occur
  • Conditional probability deals with causation
40
Q

Statistical independence

A
  • opposite of conditional probability

- probability of one event does not affect another

41
Q

Mutual exclusivity

A
  • two events cannot occur in a single trial
42
Q

Variable data

A
  • continuous data
  • can be used to perform math
  • variable
  • test score
  • height weight
43
Q

Attribute data

A
  • discrete data
  • cannot be used to perform math
  • Yes/No
  • Pass/Fail
  • Label (e.g. bus route number)
44
Q

Ishikawa Diagram

A
  • Root cause analysis
  • Graphical format
  • 5M’s (Methods, Materials, Machinery, Manpower, Mother Nature)
  • 5 why’s (ask five times)
45
Q

SL outside of CL

A
  • Process can be outside of control but within customer specification limits
46
Q

CL outside of SL

A
  • Process can be inside control but outside of customer specification limits
47
Q

Rule of Seven

A
  • out of control process

- seven consecutive points on either side of the mean

48
Q

Rule of Six

A
  • out of control process

- six consecutive points trending in upward or downward direction

49
Q

Rule of Ten

A
  • out of control process

- ten data points alternating above and below the mean

50
Q

Flow charts

A
  • can be used to identify failing process steps and process improvement opportunities
51
Q

Pareto Chart

A
  • Histogram
  • Prioritization tool used to identify critical issues and largest problems
  • 20% of the business produces 80% of waste and rework
  • Wilfredo Pareto
52
Q

Run Chart

A
  • Similar to an SPC chart

- Limits are not known

53
Q

Scatter Diagram

A
  • Used in trending or regression analysis
  • Positive correlation (+X = +Y)
  • Negative correlation (+X = -Y)
  • Neutral correlation (no relationship between x and y)

Project Management (28 decks)

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