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NPTE > student PEAT 2 > Flashcards

student PEAT 2 Flashcards

1
Q

S1 represents cloure of _ and S2 represents closure of _

A
  • S1: closure of mitral and tricuspid valves
  • S2: closure of aortic and pulmoanry valves
  • sounds between S1 and S2 - systolic murmurs
  • sounds between S2 and S1 - diastolic murmurs
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2
Q

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

A
  • reduction of peripheral vascular resistance and increase in venous capacitance
  • produce vasodilation
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3
Q

central vestibular system lesion

A
  • ex: cerebellar lesion
  • vertical nystagmus - pendular
  • abnormal smooth pursuits and abnormal saccadic eye movements
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4
Q

an episode of _ is an indication to terminate exercise testing and reassess vital signs in phase II cardiac rehab

A
  • stable angina
  • angina should result in terminate of exercise
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5
Q

right sidelying that decreases pain indicates

A
  • decreasing pleural friction/irritation and decreased visceral pain
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6
Q

what do you initially put on a stage 3 wound

A
  • ## sterile normal saline to clean
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7
Q

pvidone-iodine

wounds

A
  • for antimicrobial agent and to manage infection
  • can improve healing in venous ulcers
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8
Q

silver sulfadizine

wounds

A
  • for infection
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9
Q

zinc oxide

wounds

A
  • skin protectant
  • acts as moisture barrier ingredient
  • for diaper and incontinence associated dermatitis
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10
Q

talipes equinovarus

A
  • clubfoot
  • congenital deformity of foot in newborns
  • not normal
  • foot appears smaller d/t hypoplastic skeletal features of bones
  • surgical intervention or serial casting required
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11
Q

lateral epicondylalgia muscle affected

A
  • most affected muscle: extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • if chronic: use conditioning of extensor muscles and sustained grip activities for long-term management - stretch and strengthen
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12
Q

TOS causes

A
  • anterior scalene tightness
  • pec minor tightness
  • 1st rib stuff
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13
Q

heart failure identification

A
  • s/s: pitting edema, weight gain, jugular vein distention, diminished appetite, right upper quadrant discomfort, ventricular gallop S3
  • assessing heart sounds
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14
Q

s3 and s4

A
  • s1 closure of mitral and tricuspid valves
  • s2 closure of atrial and pulmonary valves
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15
Q

C6 is _ hand and C8 is _ hand

A
  • C6 - lateral hand
  • C8 - medial hand
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16
Q

pontine infarct

A
  • CN V trigeminal nerve
  • jaw deviation in mastication
  • others
  • CN III - oculomotor from midbrain, results in ptosis
  • CN X - vagus from medulla, results in dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
  • CN XII - hypoglossal from medulla, results in impaired tongue movement
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17
Q

DVT vs MI vs PE vs HF

A
  • deep vein thrombosis (DVT): leg pain and swelling, unilateral symptoms
  • myocardial infarction: SOB, no swelling
  • pulmonary embolism: SOB not changed by position, cardiac arrest
  • heart failure: dyspnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, peripheral edema
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18
Q

apraxia

A
  • loss of ability to execute or carry out skilled movement and gestures despite having physical ability and desire to perform them
  • when teaching a new task, task should be broken down into component parts - one at a time, physically guided through task if necessary
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19
Q

PVC

A
  • premature ventricular contractions - wide QRS and absent P waves
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20
Q

acute first-degree AV block

A
  • prolonged PR interval
  • abnormally slow conduction through AV node
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21
Q

in cardiac rehab, what are s/s of exertional intolerance

A
  • persistent dyspnea
  • dizziness
  • anginal pain
  • sudden weight gain
  • NOT leg numbness or weight loss
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22
Q

sartorius

A
  • hip flexion, ER, abduction
  • femoral nerve L2-L3
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23
Q

tensor fasciae latae

A
  • hip flexion and IR
  • superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
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24
Q

Lyme disease

A
  • h/o hiking trip
  • s/s neck stiffness, rash
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25
Q

motions to confirm temporomandibular dysfunction

A
  • elevation assesses muscles for mouth closure
  • depression assesses temporomandibular dysfunction
  • NOT
  • protrusion - assess tongue thrust
  • retrusion - may be painful if intracapsular injury but not useful for diagnosis of TMJ
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26
Q

s/s of metastases

A
  • limited ROM
  • decreased tolerance to WB
  • recurrent night pain
  • increased DTRs
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27
Q

breath sounds and what they mean

A
  • tympanic sound: hyperinflated chest
  • fremitus: increased secretions
  • hypertrophy of accessory muscles: COPD
  • crackles: secretions in peripheral airways
  • friction rub: large pleural effusion
  • low-pitched wheezes: obstruction - bronchospasm
  • diminished breath or absent breath sounds: emphysema
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28
Q

hydrofiber dressing

A
  • alginate-like appearance, activated by moisture in wound
  • use for wounds with heavy exudate
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29
Q

patrick test

A
  • FABER
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30
Q

iliopsoas muscles test

A
  • screens for psoas abscess
  • psoas abscess s/s hip pain, low-grade fever, antalgic gait, night sweats
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31
Q

stroke volume is determined by

A
  • preload, contractility, afterload
  • NOT heartrate
  • SV is amount of blood ejected from LV each heartbeat
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32
Q

cardiac output is determined by

A
  • CO = HR x SV
  • CO is amount of blood pumped by heart in 1 minute
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33
Q

pregnancy and cardiac output

A
  • CO increases 30-60%
  • oxygen consumption increases 15-20% in pregnancy
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34
Q

pulse amplitude

A
  • quality of pulse
  • absent, diminished, normal, moderately increased, markedly increased
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35
Q

rate pressure product

A
  • RPP = HR x SBP
  • indicated of myocardial oxygen demand
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36
Q

saphenous nerve

A
  • cutaneous for skin on medial leg and foot
  • entrapment causes pain at medial knee - burning pain w/ knee flexion and hip adduction
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37
Q

primary external rotators of GH joint

A
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • posterior deltoid
  • NOT
  • supraspinatus: abduction of arm
  • teres major: IR of arm
  • rhomboid minor: scapular positioning during shoulder extension
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38
Q

rigid removable dressing vs bandaging

A
  • rigid dressing allows for early weight bearing for early fitting of prosthesis and WB - helps alleviate edema and pain
39
Q

initial sign of peripheral lymphedema

A
  • decreased finger flexibility
40
Q

_ is a skeletal complication associated with long-standing ankylosing spondyltis

A
  • osteoporsis
41
Q

exercise combo for a pt w/ forward head posture

A
  • strengthen deep cervical flexors
  • stretch SCM
  • stretch upper cervical flexors
42
Q

after ACL reconstruction, how do you best facilitate healing of patellar ligament

A
  • AROM - good for low load exercise
43
Q

slumped posture may cause respiratory compromise d/t

A
  • compression of diaphragm by abdominal contents
44
Q

moro reflex

A
  • infant in supine, allow head to gently drop posteriorly in relation to trunk
  • assessing response at arms
45
Q

startle reflex

A
  • loud or harsh noise
  • results in sudden extension or abduction of UEs and crying
46
Q

landau reflex

A
  • elicited by supporting infant horizontally in prone position
  • expected response is infant will extend neck and trunk
47
Q

positive support reflex

A
  • support infant vertically with contact of feet to surface, assess LE response
48
Q

gemelli

A
  • hip ER
49
Q

pectineus

A
  • hip IR
50
Q

LV dysfunction impact on blood pressure

A
  • decrease in systolic BP
51
Q

ABI interpretations

A
  • 0.6 - moderate peripheral artery disease
  • 0.9-1.0 - normal
  • above 1.1 - arterial calcification, limits compressibility of artery
52
Q

HIPAA is specific about

A
  • copies of medical records to other health care providers
  • NOT
  • discussing with other PTs
  • sharing with insurance companies for reimbursement
  • telling other patients info about a patient - protected health info but not HIPAA
53
Q

minimum amount of force from a monofilament grade a patient can feel if they have protective sensation but not normal sensation

A
  • 5.07 monofilament supplies least amount of force that can be sensed by patients with only protective sensation intact
54
Q

muscular response of micturition

A
  • contraction of detrusor and relaxation of pelvic floor
  • if detrusor does not contract, result is incomplete bladder emptying
55
Q

breast cancer metastatic sites

A
  • CNS (not PNS)
  • liver (not GI tract)
  • lungs
  • bones
56
Q

respiratory distress symptoms

A
  • tachypnea - most common
  • sternal retraction
  • paraoxic (asymmetrical) chest expansion
57
Q

when you suspect appendicits, the pt should

A
  • lie down and be as still as possible while you was for physician response
  • NOT - food or water (can aggravate symptoms), no hot pack, no continuing exercise
58
Q

pulmonary embolism symptoms

A
  • chest pain
  • hemoptysis - cough up blood from lungs
  • cough
  • diaphoresis
  • dyspnea
  • apprehension
  • unilat LE edema d/t DVT that may have embolized - can cause pitting edema
59
Q

prospective cohot

A
  • investigators follow patients until outcome
60
Q

retrospective cohort

A
  • pts already had exposure or intervention and have already experienced outcome
61
Q

cross-sectional study

A
  • assess exposure and outcome at a single point in time
62
Q

case control study

A
  • classifies people based on whether they had outcome of interest, then looks retrospectively at different exposures
63
Q

to palpate supraspinatus tendon, pts arm position should be

A
  • shoulder extension and medial (internal) rotation
64
Q

mobitz type I (wenckeback) is _ degree heart block and presents as _

A
  • second degree heart block
  • progressive prolongation of PR interval until one impulse is not conducted
65
Q

premature junctional complex

A
  • p wave inversion
66
Q

first-degree heart block

A
  • uniform but prolonged PR interval (> 0.20 seconds)
67
Q

third-degree heart block

A
  • variable P waves not related to QRS complexes
68
Q

CV exercise prescription guidelines beneficial for a patient w/ dyslipidemia

A
  • ## exercising at 40-80% of HRR, 5 or more times/week
69
Q

a patient with a CVA should be encouraged trunk _ in transfers

A
  • encourage trunk flexion
70
Q

thumb spica

A
  • for immobilization of thumb (1st digit)
  • wear for 3 weeks w/ de quervain disease
71
Q

posterior long arm splint

A
  • does not immobilize thumb
  • used to immobilize forearm in patients w/ smith fx
72
Q

ulnar gutter splint

A
  • on ulnar side of wrist
73
Q

wrist cock-up splint

A
  • used for posterior interosseous nerve syndrome or wrist extensor tenosynovitis
74
Q

impaired proprioception in older adult may be d/t malabsorption of

A
  • vitamin B12
75
Q

extreme hyperextension can cause (knee)

A
  • ACL tear
76
Q

carpal bones

A
77
Q

cerebellar lesions lead to _ tremors

A
  • action tremors
  • absent at rest, elicited during muscle activation
78
Q

what tremors are associated with multiple sclerosis

A
  • postural or intention tremors
79
Q

what kind of tremors are with parkinsons

A
  • tremors at rest
  • 4-7 beats/second
80
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A
  • movement disorder that causes range of repetitive muscle movements in neck, face, arms, legs
  • condition of nervous system, often d/t long-term use of psychadelic drugs
81
Q

leg-calve-perthes disease likely to have what gait deviations

A
  • trendelenburg
  • NOT vaulting, in-toeing, toe-walking
82
Q

euvolemia

A
  • normal fluid balance
83
Q

cleansers for infected wounds

A
  • hydrogen peroxide
  • dakin’s solution
  • povidone-iodine

saline for beefy, red wounds

84
Q

abdominal paradoxical breathing

A
  • upward and outward motion of upper chest and inward motion of abdomen
84
Q

hand power grip

A
  • ROM in slight extension and ulnar deviation
85
Q

medical outcomes studying (MOS)

A
  • slef-report that covers physical function, role limitation d/t physical problems and emotional problems, fatigue, general health perceptions
86
Q

goal attainment scale (GAS)

A
  • measures achievement of slef-identified goals, does not indicate impact of goal attainment on quality of life
87
Q

myositis ossificans treatment

A
  • AROM in pain-free range initially
88
Q

rupture of popliteus tendon results in

A
  • decreased knee function
  • difficulty unlocking knee from an extended position
89
Q

rupture of plantaris

A
  • feels like “pop”
  • vestigal tendon - no significant role in function at knee or ankle
90
Q

how hard should pts w/ guillain-barre syndrome work

A
  • avoid overwork and fatigue
91
Q

normal platelet count

A

150,000-400,000

92
Q
A
93
Q

normal WBC

A
  • 4,500-11,000

NPTE (32 decks)

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