medical equipment and diagnostic imaging Flashcards
1
Q
nasogastric tube (NG)
feeding
A
- plastic tube inserted through nostril that extends to stomach
- for ST liquid feeding, medication, or remove gas from stomach
2
Q
gastric tube (G)
feeding
A
- inserted through small incision in adbomen into stomach
- LT feeding d/t difficulty swallowing, anatomic or neurologic disorder, avoid risk of aspiration
3
Q
jejunostomy tube (J)
feeding
A
- tube inserted through endoscopy into jejunum via abdominal wall
- LT feeding for pts unable to receive food by mouth
4
Q
intravenous system (IV)
feeding
A
- sterile fluid source, pump, clamp, and catheter into vein
- can infuse fluids, electrolytes, nutrients, medication
- into superficial veins - basilic, cephalic, antecubital
- permit nutrients to be introduced when GI tract is not able to digest and absorb food
5
Q
arterial line
monitoring devices
A
- catheter inserted into artery and attached to electronic monitoring system
- measures BP and obtains blood samples
- more accurate, does not require repeated needle punctures
6
Q
central venous pressure catheter
monitoring devices
(You’re doing great <3)
A
- measure pressures in RA or SVC through indwelling venous catheter and pressure manometer
- evaluation RV function, RA filling pressure, circulating blood volume
7
Q
indwelling right atrial catheter (Hickman)
monitoring devices
A
- indwelling RA catheter inserted through cephalic or internal jugular vein, threaded into SVC and RA
- for long-term admission of substances - chemo, parenteral nutrition, antibiotics
8
Q
intracranial pressure monitor
monitoring devices
A
- measures pressure exerted against skull using pressure sensing devices inside skull
- excessive pressure can be d/t closed head injury, cerebral hemorrhage, overproduction of CSF, tumor
- include epidural sensor, subarachnoid bold, intraventricular catheter
9
Q
oximeter
monitoring devices
A
- photoelectric device for SpO2 in blood
- on finger or ear
- assess activity tolerance
10
Q
pulmonary artery catheter (Swan-Ganz catheter)
monitoring devices
(pultry-glands catheter)
A
- catheter inserted through vein into pulmonary artery
- for continuous measurement of pulmonary artery pressure
- avoid excessive movement of head, neck, extremities to avoid disrupting line at insertion site
11
Q
balanced suspension is usually used for
skeletal traction
A
- comminuted femur fractures
- pins, screws, wires surgically placed into bone to apply traction force using externally applied weight
- prolonged immoblization - increases secondary complications like contracture or skin breakdown
12
Q
chest tube
A
- flexible plastic tube inserted through incision into side of chest
- uses suction to remove air, fluid, pus from intrathoracic space
- can cause discomort
13
Q
mechanical ventilator
A
- controlled flow of gas into airways
- flow provides (+) pressure that produces lung inflation
- most often include volume cycled and pressure cycled
- volume cycled: deliver predetermined amount of gas based on pt’s needs during inspiratory phase, for LT support
- pressure cycled: deliver predetermined maximum pressure of gas during respiration - when pressure is reach, inspiratory phase ends
- expiratory phase is passive with both
14
Q
arteriography
(I’d map your insides)
A
- angriography
- invasive, uses x-ray and dye to visualize blood vessels, arteries, organs
- catheter inserted into artery in groin or arm and is guided to heart
- good for ID vascular abnormalities
15
Q
arthrography
A
- invasive, xray w/ dye
- direct (dye into joint) or indirect (dye into blood vessel)
- used on combo with other imaging
- more detailed image of joint compared to standard x ray
16
Q
bone scan
A
- skeletal scintigraphy
- invasive, detailed info for bony structures - fracture, infection, cancer, metastasis
- injection of radionuclide, gamma camera used to see what bones take up dye - osteoblasts take up dye, so scan shows areas w/ high levels of bone remodeling
- ID disease or stress fractures with as little as 4-7% bone loss
- low dose radiation, less expensive than PET scan but invasive and takes several hours
17
Q
computed tomography (CT)
A
- non-invasive, mult x-rays from mult angles, images combined to make cross sectional images
- usually used to diagnose spinal lesions and brain
- quick for emergent situations, can view multiple structures at one time
- higher does of radiation
18
Q
electrocardiography
A
- ECG/EKG
- recored electrical activity of heart
19
Q
electroencephalography
A
- EEG
- non-invasive, records electrical activity of brain with electrodes on scale
- for epilepsy or narclepsy - “evoked potential studies” EEG to measure brain response to light, sound, stimuli
- measure electrical activity, detects changes over miliseconds, costs less
- less effective for exact location, can be impacted by caffeine, meds, hair products; can cause seizure if EP study
20
Q
electromyography
A
- EMG
- recording electrical activity of skeletal muscles of muscle groups at rest and during voluntary contraction
21
Q
fluroscopy
A
- designed to show motion within body
- x-ray and contrast dye, allows for continuous visualization of movement
- joints, diggestive tract, barium swallow
- invasive, higher dose of radiation
22
Q
lumbar puncture
A
- invasive, diagnose problems with spine or brain
- insert needle into subarachnoid space of lumbar spine and draw out CSF
- diagnose encephalitis, meningitis, guillain-barre syndrome; measure pressure of CSF
- invasive, should not be performed if increased intracranial pressure, leakage of CSF can cause headache
23
Q
magnetic resonance imaging
(You have a magnetic resonance with my heart)
A
- MRI
- noninvasive, uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce cross-sectional images of body
- mostly used for imaging soft tissue structures, muscles, menisci, ligaments, tumors, internal organs
- good contrast, rarely require use of dye, no radiation
- cannot have metal in body
24
Q
myelography
A
- invasive, combines x-ray and fluroscopy or CT with use of dye to evaluate spinal structures - SC, nerve roots, meninges
- contrast dye injected into epidural space by lumbar puncture
- ID bone displacement, spinal stenosis, disk herniation, SC compression, injection/inflammation of meninges or tumors
- better detail of spinal structures than xray
- invasive, HA
25
Q
nerve conduction velocity test (NVC)
A
- determine extent of nerve damage, measures speed of electrical impulse through nerve
- 2 surface electrodes attached on skin over course of nerve - first stimulates nerve, second measures speed of electrical impulse
- used in conjuction with EMG testing - can allow determination of if condition is related to nerve pathology or muscle pathology
- diagnoses GBS, carpal tunnel, peripheral neuropathy
26
Q
positron emission tomography (PET)
A
- invasive, uses radiography and injected radionuclide to determine metabolic activity or an organ or tissue - radionuclide attached to substance used by organ of interest (glucose for brain)
- determines amount of radionuclide taken up by organ thereby determining how metabolically active organ is
- used in oncology to ID malignant tumors, in neurology
- images function of organ instead of just anatomy
- invasive
27
Q
ultrasound
A
- noninvasive, sound waves produce images of structures within body, esp internal organs
- transducer on skin sends sound waves into body that reflect off internal strucutres and are received and processed by transducer - converted into image based on different speeds at which sound waves travel
- show image and movement of structure in real time
- doppler US for blood flow
- safe, less expensive, noninvasive, no radiation
- quality of image dependent on operator, cannot image structures w/ air (stomach) or behind bone (brain)
28
Q
venography
A
- invasive, x-ray and dye to visualize venous system
- catheter into vein in foot so dye can be injected
- usually for veins in leg but can be used for UEs or IVC
- usually for DVT, tumors, valve dysfunction
- low dose radiation
- invasive
