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NPTE > PEAT 2 questions > Flashcards

PEAT 2 questions Flashcards

1
Q

effect size

A
  • magnitude of difference between two mean values
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2
Q

efficacy

A
  • extent to which an intervention produces a desired outcome under ideal conditions
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3
Q

effectiveness

A
  • extent to which an intervention produces a desired outcome under usual clinical conditions
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4
Q

minimal clinically important difference

A
  • smalles treatment effect that would result in a change in patient management, given its side effects, costs, and inconveniences
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5
Q

moist hot pack time

A
  • ideal time is 15-30 minutes
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6
Q

knee MOI and injuries

A
  • PCL: hyperflexion, hyperextension
  • ACL: excessive hip adduction, IR, ER
  • popliteal ligament –> reinforces lateral capsule, limits anterior/medial rotation of tibia, hyperextension of knee
  • LCL: varus force in extended position
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7
Q

assessment of patellar tendon reflex is test of _

A
  • L4 nerve root function
  • L5 nerve root assessed with deep tendon reflex test of hamstrings
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8
Q

deep tendon reflex testings tests _ and does not incldue _

A
  • tests monosynaptic reflex
  • does not include spinal cord tracts/columns
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9
Q

should you ask direct or indirect questions

A
  • direct
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10
Q

habituation exercises

A
  • for vestibular hypofunction, not BPPV
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11
Q

brandt-daroff

A
  • BPPV treatment
  • nonspecific
  • outcome not as good as canalith repositioning for BPPV
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12
Q

gaze stability exercises

A
  • for vestibular hypofunction that resuts in impaired gaze stability
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13
Q

avascualr osteonecrosis

A
  • d/t undetected chilhood developmental hip dysplasia
  • in adolescence or adulthood
  • s/s: hip or groin pain, limited hip IR/flexion/ABD
  • TTP over hip joint
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14
Q

legg calve perthes disease

A
  • 3-13 YO male, often small in stature
  • avascular necrosis - disrupts blood flow to capital femoral epiphysis
  • 4 defined stages
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15
Q

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A
  • in adolescents
  • s/s: antalgic gait and pain in groin, knee, medial thigh
  • externally rotated knee
  • in acute stage, adolescent unable to bear weight on affected extremity
  • obesity often a factor in development of condition
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16
Q

s/s of hypothyroidism

A
  • lethargy
  • decreased appetite
  • constipation
  • muscle aches
  • cold intolerance
  • decreased cerebral blood flow leads to cerebral hypoxia and slowed neurologic functions - reduced peristaltic activity -> constipation and decreased appetite, decreased muscle contraction and relaxation rate -> aches, decreased circulation -> cold intolerance
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17
Q

s/s of hyperthyroidism

A
  • restlessness
  • increased appetite
  • diarrhea
  • heat intolerance
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18
Q

parkinson disease s/s

A
  • erratic breathing d/t dyskinetic movement patterns of respiratory muscles
  • decreased chest excursion and inspiratory volume d/t rigidity and respiratory muscle weakness
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19
Q

hoehn and yahr stages

A
  • for parkinson disease
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20
Q

functional knee braces

A
  • reduce anterior translation at low external loads
  • neoprene knee braces improve proprioception
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21
Q

e-stim parameters

A
  • lower pulse frequency - promotes muscle strength
  • short pulse duration - for pain
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22
Q

basal ganglia lesions

A
  • difficulty with initiation of movement
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23
Q

motor info is processed in

A
  • primary motor cortex in precentral gyrus of cerebral cortex
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24
Q

sensory info is processed in

A
  • primary somatosensory cortex, located in postcentral gyrus of cerebral cortex
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25
Q

exercises for osteoporosis should avoid

A
  • flexion –> compression fractures associated w/ trunk flexion
  • instead, emphasize stretching antagonists muscles: shoulder horizontal adductors, shoulder IR, hip flexors, hip IR
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26
Q

food to avoid with GERD

A
  • large meals that distend the stomach
  • chocolate, peppermint, alcohol, caffeinated coffee, fried/fatty foods
  • dairy foods and high-sugar foods have no effect on reflux
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27
Q

stress incontinence

A
  • due to weak pelvic floor muscles, internal urethral sphincter failure, hypermobility of ureterovesical junction, damage to pudendal nerve
  • due to increased in abdominal pressure - laughing, sneezing, straining, coughing, exercise
  • not caused by anxiety
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28
Q

overflow incontinence

A
  • d/t underactive detrusor muscle
  • constant leaking of small amounts of urine and sensation of bladder not being fully emptied after voiding
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29
Q

urge incontinence

A
  • detrusor muscle spasms
  • sudden urge to void, involuntary leakage of urine
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30
Q

3rd trimester and inferior vena cava

A
  • IVC pressures rise in late pregnancy - rise more in supine
  • leads to decrease in venous return and cardiac output
  • leads to s/s of dizziness, nausea, SOB
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31
Q

diminished dorsalis pedis pulse expected with

A
  • arterial insufficiency
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32
Q

venous filling time

A
  • for pts w/ venous insufficiency that present with hemosiderin staining
  • venous insufficiency if venous filling time is < 15 seconds
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33
Q

normal respiratory rate for 8 YO child

A
  • 18-30 breaths/minute
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34
Q

normal respiratory rate for toddler (1-3 YO)

A
  • 24-40 breaths per minute
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35
Q

normal respiratory rate for infant (birth to 1 year)

A
  • 30-60 breaths/minute
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36
Q

klumpke palsy

A
  • c8-t1 brachial plexus injury
  • weakness of finger extensors and intrinsic hand muscles for MCP abduction
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37
Q

erb palsy

A
  • C5-C6 brachial plexus injury
  • s/s: shoulder held in extension, IR, and adduction with forearm pronated
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38
Q

a patient feeling light-headed from sit to stand should

A
  • sit and do ankle pumps
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39
Q

pulmonary edema is a symptom of

A
  • L ventricular failure
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40
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A
  • d/t inability of L ventricle to adquately distribute oxygenated blood through body
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41
Q

management of scoliosis

A
  • orthotic management: for children with idiopathic scoliosis who are skeletally immature, have a Cobb angle of 25-45 degrees
  • spinal fusion: for documented, progressive idiopathic curve, cobb angle > 40 degrees
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42
Q

varus displacement at elbow results in

A
  • lateral collateral ligament instability
43
Q

valgus displacement at elbow results in

A
  • (+) stress test for medial collateral ligament
44
Q

anterior displacement at the elbow occurs when

A
  • olecranon is displaced anteriorly
45
Q

posterolateral displacement at elbow

A
  • displacing the coronoid process inferior to the trochlea - requires ulna displaced posterolateral to humerus
46
Q

freiberg disease

A
  • avascular necrosis of second metatarsal epiphysis - leads to collapse of osteochondrotic deformity
  • s/s: pain in met heads with activity, ROM limitations, joint swelling, occasional plantar callosity under under second met head
  • no neuro signs
47
Q

anterior tarsal syndrome

A
  • deep aching pain in medial and dorsal aspect of foot
  • burning around nail of great toe, pins and needles sensations exacerbated with plantar flexion
48
Q

morton neuroma

A
  • mechanical entrapment neuropathy of interdigital nerve
49
Q

sesamoiditis

A
  • pain on WB and swelling of plantar soft tissue
  • passive DF of MTP joint while palpating sesamoids exacerbates pain
  • no neuro signs
50
Q

short stretch bandages

A
  • bandage of choice for lymphedema - latex free, stretch about 60% more than original length
  • provide high resting pressure - can lead to compression of more supeficial lymphatic and venous vessels
51
Q

loose packed position for hip

A
  • 30 flexion
  • resting position: 30 flexion, 30 abduction
52
Q

loose packed GH joint

A
  • 55 degrees abduction
  • resting: 55 abduction, 30 horizontal adduction
53
Q

loose packed position for tibiofemoral joint

A
  • 25 flexion is resting or loose packed position
54
Q

loose packed humeroulnar joint

A
  • 70 flexion
55
Q

myocardial ischemia associated with

A
  • chest pain and ST segment changes on ECG
56
Q

cardiovascular pump failure

A
  • S3 heart sound
  • crackles (rales) heard on inspiration - do not disappear with coughing, may appar with exercise
  • terminate exercise
57
Q

axillary nerve innervates

A
  • deltoid: shoulder flexion, abduction, extension
  • teres minor: shoulder lateral rotation, horizontal abduction
58
Q

subscapular nerve innervates

A
  • teres major: shoulder extension, IR, adduction
59
Q

suprascapular nerve

A
  • supraspinatus: shoulder ER and abduction
  • infraspinatus: ER, horizontal abduction
60
Q

long thoracic nerve

A
  • serratus anterior: upward rotation and protraction of scapula
61
Q

a right thoracic hump upon forward bending indicates a _ thoracic structural scoliosis

A
  • right
62
Q

patients with SI joint dysfunction

A
  • aggravated by prolonged standing, asymmetrical WB, stair climbing, running, long strides, extreme postures
  • won’t have pain w/ sitting, lying in prone, lying in supine
63
Q

contraindications to PT

A
  • dissecting aortic aneurysm
  • decompensated chronic heart failure
  • third degree heart block
  • NOT a-fib: new onset a-afib with rapid ventricular rate (>100 bpm) is a contraindication
64
Q

stages of lymphedema

A
  • 0: no clinical signs of edema though reduced lymph transport capacity present
  • 1: ptting edema reversible w/ elevation, edema increases with activity, heat, humidity, better in morning
  • 2: nonpitting edema, irreversible with fibrotic skin changes
  • 3: increase in severe nonpitting fibrotic edema and atrophic changes in skin, hyperkeratosis, papillomas, warts
65
Q

babinski sign is indicator of damage to

A
  • corticospinal tract - motor pathway
66
Q

spinal shock

A
  • period of areflexia immediately after acute SCI
  • characterized by absence of reflex activity - impairs autonomic regulation and results in hypotension and loss of ability to swet
67
Q

clunk test

A
  • to confirm tear of glenoid labrum
68
Q

heat moldable healing shoe

A
  • molded directly to patient’s foot
  • common after amputation or skin grafting
  • does not alleviate WB on metatarsal heads
69
Q

heel rocker shoe

A
  • for extreme forefoot relief
  • transfers patient’s weight to heel area
  • facilitates wound healing for metatarsal and distal toe ulcers
70
Q

e-stim for pain relief w/ muscle spasm

A
  • coventional TENS - produces sensory-level stimulation
  • tolerated well w/ acute pain
71
Q

types of TENS setting

A
  • burst: like acupuncture setting, appropriate for chronic pain conditions
  • acupuncture: produces painful noxious stimulus to release endorphins, may not be tolerated w/ acute symptoms
  • conventional: produces sensory-level stimulation, tolerated well by patient in acute pain
  • low frequency: releases endorphins by providing noxious stimulus, may not be tolerated well by pt in acute pain
72
Q

liver, pancreas, and gallbladder pain referral patterns

A
  • liver: right shoulder, upper back, chest
  • pancreas: middle or lower back, LUQ
  • gallbladder: R shoulder, chest, upper back
73
Q

desired hamstring length for paraplegia or tetraplegia

A
  • want HS to be long enough to allow for 100 degrees of SLR
74
Q

tight lower trunk muscles improve _ in paraplegic patients

A
  • tight lower trunk muscles improve sitting stability
75
Q

trunk _ is contraindicated in spondylisthesis

A
  • extension
  • trunk flexion is indicated for individuals w/ spondylisthesis
76
Q

trunk _ is indicated for individuals with herniated lumbar discs

A
  • extension
77
Q

volar plate injuries

A
  • d/t PIP extension force
  • results in excessive passive PIP extension and empty end-feel d/t pain, swelling, guarding
78
Q

venous vs arterial ulcers

A
  • venous
  • irregular shape
  • highly exudative
  • frequently develop at medial distal leg
  • arterial
  • round
  • dru
79
Q

_ (med) likely to increased risk for peptic ulcer disease

A
  • ibuprofen (motrin)
  • impairs gastric protective mechanism against corrosive acids
80
Q

polycythemia

A
  • bone marrow stem cells produce excessive RBCs
81
Q

precautions for THA w/ transtrochanteric surgical approach and reattachment with wire

A
  • no resisted hip abduction
  • no isotonic hip abduction against gravity
82
Q

common finding with radial nerve mobility issue

A
  • decreased extensor carpi ulnaris strength
83
Q

heart sounds

A
  • S1: normal sound when mitral and tricuspid valves close
  • S2: normal sound when aortic and pulmonic valves close
  • S3: normal in children and young adults, abnormal over 40; indicative of ventricular failure in heart failure
  • S4: abnormal sound w/ cardiomyopathies and coarctation of aorta but not with L ventricular failure
84
Q

heart sounds auscultation points

A
  • aortic - R 2 sternal border
  • pulmonary - L 2 sternal border
  • tricuspid - L 4 sternal border
  • mitral - L 5 midclavicular line
85
Q

what is entrapped in a hiatal hernia

A

stomach - protrudes through cardiac or lower esophageal sphincter

86
Q

lateral foot posting

A
  • for forefoot valgus
87
Q

metatarsal bar

A
  • for reducing pressure on MTP joint by transferring stress to metatarsal shaft
88
Q

medial rearfoot posting

A
  • corrects rearfoot varus in pronated foot
89
Q

you need _ passive MTP joint extension at heel off

A
  • 55-90 degrees
90
Q

knee ROM for sitting in 18 inch chair, to tie shoelaces, ascending a 5 in step, descend a 5 inch step

A
  • for sitting in 18 inch chair: 80ish degrees
  • bringing foot up to tie shoelace: 110
  • ascend or descend 5 in step: 85ish
91
Q

normal respiratory rates for 1 year old

A
  • 30 breaths per minute
92
Q

sensory distribution of hand

A
93
Q

head thrust test

A
  • for semicircular canal function
  • if pt has a unilateral lesion, will not be able to maintain gaze when head is rotated quickly toward side of lesion
94
Q

huffing

A
  • moves mucus into large airways to produce effective cough
95
Q

order of cervical positions that put most -> least stress on verterbal artery

A
  • rotation-extension-traction
  • rotation-extension
  • rotation alone
  • side flexion
  • extension
  • flexion
96
Q

right torsional nystagmus w/ Dix-Hallpike test indicates

A

right posterial canal

97
Q

nystagmus is provoked when affected ear is

A

inferior

98
Q

mobilization w/ hand placement affects

A
  • that vertebrae and the one below it
99
Q

_ diameter nerve fibers are activated first during e-stim muscle contraction

A
  • large
100
Q

bell palsy involves paralysis of _

A
  • facial nerve (CN VII) - impairs strngth of frontalis
101
Q

stemmer sign

A
102
Q

a child w/ CP and strong extensor tone in trunk and extremities should be carried _

A
  • in a sitting position - promotes visual attending, use of UEs, social interaction
103
Q

4.1

A

NPTE (32 decks)

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