LE testing

Question 1

gillet test/kinetic pole test

Answer 1

• SIJ
• pt stands, examiner palpates PSIS
• pt stands on one leg and pulls opposite to chest
• normal: PSIS moves down or inferior

Question 2

active SLR - SIJ

Answer 2

• if SLR is painful, examiner stabilizes pelvis by compressing pelvis medially
• (+) will no longer be painful

Question 3

FABER

Answer 3

• hip flexion, abduction, external rotation
• pain in groin - labral tear
• pain in black - SIJ

Question 4

thigh thrust

Answer 4

• posterior pelvic pain provocation
• most sensitive
• painful side flexed to 90, PT hand under sacrum
• downward pressure through femur to force post translation of innominate
• (+) concordant pain posterior to hip or near SI joint

Question 5

SIJ distraction

Answer 5

• pt in supine
• PT hands in each ASIS
• push 30s
• (+) if reproduces pain

Question 6

SIJ compression

Answer 6

• pt in sidelying
• PT behind pt, downward pressure 30 seconds
• (+) is reproduction of pain

Question 7

fitzgerald

Answer 7

• anterior labral
• pt supine
• hip flexion, ER, abd
• IR, add, ext
• (+) is pain and click
• labral tear

Question 8

log roll test

Answer 8

• anterior hip laxity, labral tear
• passively roll into full IR and ER
• painful click - labral tear
• increased ER - iliofemoral laxity

Question 9

hip scour

Answer 9

• flex hip and knee
• sweep flex-IR-add to ext-ER-abd
• (+) is pain, click, catch, pop -> IA pathology

Question 10

FAIR

Answer 10

• for piriformis
• can be resisted
• involved leg up while pt sidelying - hip in flex-add-IR
• (+) reproduces symptoms
• can resist hip abduction

Question 11

position of knee for valgus and varus stress testing

Answer 11

• 0 degrees and 30 degrees
• valgus - MCL
• varus - LCL

Question 12

anterior drawer position

Answer 12

• pt knee flexed to 90
• PT grasp posterior knee, palpate anterior tibia with thumbs - tibial plateau

Question 13

lachman test

Answer 13

• 20-30 degrees knee flexion to open tibfem joint
• normal is 1-5 mm translation
• ER femur relaxes HS

Question 14

lever sign/test

(You are my lover sign, no test required)

Answer 14

• fulcrum under calf, push down on quads
• (+) toes do not lift

Question 15

pivot shift

Answer 15

• flex hip to lift leg, maintain knee ext
• max IR on tibia, valgus stress at knee joint
• axial load to gradually flex knee
• (+) increased tibial translation, shift or clunk around 20 degrees flexion

Question 16

posterior drawer

Answer 16

• PCL
• psoterior force
• (+) greater anterior tibial displacement on affected side

Question 17

posterior sag sign

Answer 17

• PCL
• hip/knee at 90/90
• (+) tuberosity posterior compared to opposite side

Question 18

dial test

Answer 18

• PCL/PLC
• pt prone, passively flex knees to 30 and laterally rotate tibias simultaneously
• repeat at 90 degrees
• (+) 10 or more tibial ER on involved side
• if at 30 but not 90 - posterolateral structure (PLC)
• at 90 but not 30 - PCL
• at both: PCL and PLC

Question 19

thessaly test

Answer 19

• pt rotates 5 degrees of flexion
• repeates 20-40 degrees of flexion

Question 20

patellar tilt test

Answer 20

• raise lateral structures

Question 21

noble compression test

Answer 21

• ITB
• pressure over lateral femoral condyle
• passive ext from 60 degrees to 0
• (+) pain around 30 degrees of flexion

Question 22

mcconnel test

Answer 22

• PFPS
• test isometrics/quad MMT at 30, 60, 90, 0
• 0: patellar tendinopathy

Question 23

normal Q angles

Answer 23

• 10 degrees for males
• ## 15 for females

Question 24

ottawa ankle rules

Answer 24

• bony tenderness along distal 6 cm of post fibula or lateral malleolus
• bony tenderness along distal 6 cm of post tibia or tip of medial malleolus
• bony tenderness at base of 5th metatarsal
• bony tenderness at navicular
• inability to WB immediately after injury for 4 steps during initial eval

Question 25

anterior drawer test - ankle

Answer 25

• assess anterior talofibular ligament
• slight PF - 10 degrees
• anterior glide of calcaneus and talus on stabilized tibia

Question 26

talar tilt test - ankle

Answer 26

• for calcaneofibular ligament
• grasp ankle at malleoli - invert and palpate just off lat malleolus
• medially tilt calcaneus
• medial tilt assesses deltoid ligament (eversion)

Question 27

squeeze test - ankle

Answer 27

• syndesmosis
• palpate middle third of lower leg
• squeze tibia and fibular together
• (+) reproduction of symptoms near ankle

Question 28

arc sign (ankle)

Answer 28

• achilles - assess achilles tendinopathy
• pt prone
• ID maximal area of swelling at achilles tendon
• pt actively DF and PF ankle to see if area of local swelling changes
• (+) if swelling moves proximal or distal with tendon (tendinopathy present)

Question 29

royal london test

Answer 29

• assess for achilles tendinopathy
• ID portion of maximally tender tendon
• ask pt to DF ankle and re-palpate area that was most tender
• (+) if pt reports substantial decrease or absence of pain with palpation during DF
• active DF stretches tendon for less pain and tenderness

Question 30

dorsiflexion eversion test

Answer 30

• tinel’s sign tibial nerve
• assess tarsal tunnel/tibial nerve entrapment
• tap just distal to medial malleolus
• (+) reproduction of nerve-like symptoms

Question 31

windlass test

Answer 31

• plantar fasciitis
• passively extend toe at MTP
• (+) reproduction of symptoms along plantar fascia