Structures and Functions of the Circulatory system Flashcards
3 functions of circulatory system
transport gases and wastes, regulates internal temperature and transports hormones and protects against blood loss from injury
What is a heart and what dose it do
a muscle that pumps blood through body and generates blood flow
What are blood vessels and what do they do
“roadways” for blood ex arteries, veins, capillaries
Blood dose what
carries nutrients (O2,CO2 and wastes) and other materials throughout the body
where is heart located
slightly left of middle of chest
what is heart made up of
cardiac muscle
heart contractions are ____ and _____
rhythmical and involuntary
What are top left and right versus bottom left and right sides of heart called
Top: Right and Left Atrium
Bottom: Right and Left Venticle
what is top right side of heart called
(my left)
right atrium
what is top left side of heart called (my right)
left atrium
what is bottom left side of heart called (my right)
left ventricle
what is bottom right side of heart called (my left)
right ventricle
what is atria
two chambers at the top of hear
what is ventricles
twi chambers at the bottom of heart
what is a septum
thick muscular wall separating the heart through middle ish
whats a pericardium
fluid filled membrane surrounding the heart
What are Atrioventricular (AV) valves
separate atria from ventricles
what are semilunar (SL) valve
separate ventricles from arteries
Blue = deoxygenated blood
blood returning from tissues with low O2 and heading towards heart and lungs to get more O2
Red=oxygenated blood
blood leaving lungs thats filled with O2 and heading towards tissues to deliver O2
opening for blood on top right side of heart
superior vena cava
opening for blood on bottom right side of heart
inferior vena cava
whats the first step blood pathway
O2 poor blood coming back from the body is pumped thorough the vena cava into the right atrium
whats the second step of blood pathway
O2 poor blood flows from right atrium to the right ventricle and then out to the left and right pulmonary arteries to lungs for gas exchange
Third step of blood pathway
O2 rich blood from lungs returns to the heart through left and right pulmonary veins
4th step of blood pathway
O2 rich blood enters left atrium and then left ventricle
5th step of blood pathway
O2 rich blood leaves the heart through the aorta to be delivered throughout the body
whats a pulmonary artery/vein
transport artery/vein for I2 and CO2
whats the biggest vain
vena cava
Describe arteries
- have highly elastic walls
- middle layer is thick smooth muscle
- thicker walls than veins
What do arteries transport
only carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs gia pulmonary arteries but usually carries oxygenated blood from left side of heart via aorta throughout body
aorta
biggest artery
describe capillaries
smallest blood vessels
single layer of cells fit diameter is 8 um,
super thin for gas, nutrient and waste exchange between blood n cells
what do capillaries transport
gas, nutrients and waste on red blood cells to cells
describe Veins
thin walls, not as elastic, rely on contractions from skeletal muscles , has valve in middle
What do veins transport
Transport deoxygenated blood to heart gia vena cava and oxygenated blood throughout pulmonary veins to lungs
when the oxygenated blood leaves heart in what order dose it come back deoxygenated to heart
leaves heart through aorta> artery>arterioles>capillaries > venuoles(small veins)>vena cava in to heart
venuoles
small veins
blood enters the right atrium through the ________
superior/inferior vena cava
blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the _______
AV valves (atrioventricular)
blood is pumped from the right ventricle into pulmonary trunk that splits into right and left ______
pulmonary arteries
blood returns from the lungs by way of the right and left _____
pulmonary veins
blood enters the _____ when it returns from the lungs
left atrium
blood flows past the _____ as it enters the left ventricle
left. Av valve
the left ventricle pumps out past the _____ into the aorta
semilunar valves
varicose veins
when leaflets of valves fail to close properly causing blood to flow backwards and pool in the veins
